Who Was Mother Theresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Doctors Of The Church

Who Was Mother Theresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Doctors Of The Church Who Was Mother Theresa Who Was Mother Teresa? Mother Teresa was forever her own individual, startlingly free, dutiful, yet testing some assumptions and desires. Her own biography incorporates numerous representations of her readiness to tune in to also, follow her own still, small voice, in any event, when it appeared to repudiate what was normal. This solid and autonomous Slavic lady was conceived Gonxha (Agnes) Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Yugoslavia, on August 27, 1910. Five kids were destined to Nikola and Dronda Bojaxhiu, yet just three endure. Gonxha was the most youthful, with a more established sister, Aga, and sibling, Lazar. This sibling portrays the family's initial a very long time as wealthy, not the life of laborers revealed incorrectly by a few. We needed for nothing. Indeed, the family lived in one of the two houses they possessed. Nikola was a contractual worker, working with a accomplice in a fruitful development business. He was additionally intensely engaged with the legislative issues of the day. Lazar recounts his dad's somewhat unexpected and stunning demise, which may have been because of harming as a result of his political contribution. With this occasion, life changed overnight as their mom expected aggregate obligation regarding the family, Aga, just 14, Lazar, 9, and Gonxha, 7. In spite of the fact that such a large amount of her young life was focused in the Church, Mother Teresa later uncovered that until she arrived at 18, she had never thought of being a pious devotee. During her initial a long time, be that as it may, she was interested with accounts of teacher life and administration. She could find any number of missions on the guide, and tell others of the administration being given in each spot. Called to Religious Life At 18, Gonxha chose to follow the way that appears to have been unknowingly unfurling for an incredible duration. She picked the Loreto Sisters of Dublin, evangelists and teachers established in the seventeenth century to teach little youngsters. In 1928, the future Mother Teresa started her strict life in Ireland, a long way from her family and the existence she'd known, never observing her mom again in this life, communicating in a language few comprehended. During this period a sister fledgling recollected her as extremely little, calm and bashful, and another individual from the gathering portrayed her as customary. Mother Teresa herself, even with the later choice to start her own locale of strict, proceeded to esteem her beginnings with the Loreto sisters also, to keep up close ties. Steady duty and self-control, consistently a section of her life and strengthened in her affiliation with the Loreto sisters, appeared to remain with her for an incredible duration. After one year, in 1929, Gonxha was sent to Darjeeling to the newcomer of the Sisters of Loreto. In 1931, she made her first promises there, picking the name of Teresa, regarding the two holy people of a similar name, Teresa of Avila what's more, Therese of Lisieux. With regards to the normal systems of the assemblage and her most profound wants, it was the ideal opportunity for the new Sister Teresa to start her long periods of administration to God's individuals. She was sent to St. Mary's, a high school for young ladies in a locale of Calcutta. Here she started a lifelong showing history and topography, which she purportedly did with devotion and happiness for the following 15 a long time. It was in the secured condition of this school for the little girls of the affluent that Teresa's new job created and developed. This was the reasonable message, the greeting to her subsequent calling, that Teresa heard on that pivotal day in 1946 when she headed out to Darjeeling for retreat. The Streets of Calcutta During the following two years, Teresa sought after each road to follow what she never questioned was the bearing God was pointing her. She was to surrender even Loreto where I was exceptionally glad and to go out in the roads. I heard the call to surrender all and follow Christ into the ghettos to serve him among the least fortunate of poor people. Details and items of common sense flourished. She must be discharged officially, not from her ceaseless pledges, however from living inside the religious communities of the Sisters of Loreto. She needed to go up against the Church's protection from shaping new strict networks, and get authorization from the Archbishop of Calcutta to serve the poor straightforwardly in the city. She needed to make sense of how to live and take a shot at the avenues, without the security and solace of the community. With respect to garments, Teresa chose she would put aside the propensity she had worn during her years as a Loreto sister and wear the common dress of an Indian lady: a plain white sari and shoes. Teresa originally went to Patna for a couple of months to get ready for her future work by taking a nursing course. In 1948 she got consent from Pius XII to leave her network and live as an autonomous pious devotee. So back to Calcutta she proceeded to discover a little hut to lease to start her

Bullet-Trains

Likewise they are intended for significant distance voyaging, and have not been actualized in the United States. They have numerous upper hands, for example, higher velocities, which prompts a faster methods for transportation. This is a tremendous favorable position in light of the fact that in todays society time is one the most significant hotspots for upper hand. They have a considerably more current look which incorporates open to seating, and top of the line feasting, which these are likewise center abilities. This prompts quality, customers are eager to go through the additional cash for quality, which they will get on the projectile trains. Likewise the innovation is so exceptional there wouldn’t be rivalry legitimately to Siemens if they somehow managed to begin in the US advertise. will contend against.Customers need to have the option to have a casual encounter when voyaging, since voyaging is furious all things considered. Shot trains will fill those requirements o f the buyer, and with the entirety of the overviews that have been accomplished over 60% of individuals hate the confusion that accompanies voyaging. Regardless of whether they are going through the air or in a vehicle it isn't entirely agreeable, this is a colossal upper hand for slug trains which likewise makes them â€Å"order winners†. Request Winners are highlights that fundamentally prevail upon a client to your item or administration they have made these trains dependent on shopper needs and needs, on account of these trains being delivered for such a significant stretch of time. â€Å"The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) built up a procedure for assigning U.S. rapid rail (HSR) corridors.† This began the testing of high velocity trains which can go up to 90-120 mph.Bullet trains are twice as quick as these. This innovation is progressed however and the US government doesn't have faith in subsidizing right now. This is on the groun ds that the expense of creation is extremely high, which is significant. In the event that the administration were to help with the subsidizing this be a gigantic significance for Siemens. In spite of the fact that they are an immense company without government financing, it is extravagant to deliver the projectile trains. So right now they are thinking of various vital techniques on the most proficient method to bring down creation costs, just as how to relate the trains to a progressively explicit market segment.The significance of the exploration that is being done will either represent the moment of truth the open door for the trains to come to theâ states. They need the administrations support and the abilitity to think of another technique on the best way to introduce the plan to Government. The commitments these trains will make are un-possible. They not just make the US a progressively inventive nation, yet it could help in expanding the US economy, which could especially u tilize this lift. It will give residents significantly speedier mean of transportation, while additionally bringing down the expenses of various businesses, for example, air travel, vehicle travel, and increasingly slow advantageous train travel. This could add to bringing down gas costs, boarding pass costs, and push the US toward another path for the future.This prompts the Value chain impact, Siemens is as of now route in front of society’s innovation today. They are an extremely cutting edge association and they as of now have nearby research testing. They additionally produce a great deal of their parts that would be required for the trains which is an advantage of the worth chain process. I would exhort for the trains to go to the us since it would be an enormous headway for our general public.

Unlimited Vacation Policy What You Should Know

Unlimited Vacation Policy What You Should Know An Unlimited Vacation Policy sounds super on paper but is it really all that meets the eye?Companies that tend to offer an Unlimited Vacation Policy do so with the intention of providing their employees with a flexible work-life balance.When employees are happier, the company tends to perform better.The policy is in place not for the employees to abuse the perks of a free vacation trip rather the intention is to allow you to plan a vacation at any time you feel the need to.The Unlimited Vacation Policy can be a great benefit when used in the right sense.However, when abused there are drawbacks.Let’s dwell deeper to get a clearer picture of how the Unlimited Vacation Policy works.UNDERSTANDING THE TERM “UNLIMITED VACATION POLICY”What does “Unlimited Vacation Policy” truly mean?The policy means taking time off whenever you feel the need to but should be within an acceptable timeframe of a professional environment.Employees are in control of their own vacation time provided th ey are able to complete their projects within their respective deadlines.A study conducted by the Center for Economic Policy and Research Study has pointed out interesting facts on vacation pay for employees based in different regions of the world.65 percent of Americans don’t use their paid time offAmerican employees receive an average vacation time of 13-days per annual yearEuropean employees receive an average vacation time of 20-days per annual yearOut of the 13-days of allotted vacation time for Americans, 8 days per year are considered paid leavesBoth European and American companies offer additional days of leave for workers above the age of 60The United States ranked the lowest among the developed companies for providing their employees with paid vacation leave with Japan and New Zealand providing their workers a 20-to 30-day vacation period in a yearThe European companies offered a better vacation pay compared to the American companiesWith the above statistics, we can bold ly claim that an Unlimited Vacation Policy can benefit or be a drawback depending on how many days you intend to take a vacation for.Consider this example â€" If you are someone who completes their work on time and likes to take time to travel around the globe, an Unlimited Vacation Policy makes the most sense.However, if you’re someone that prefers to work and gain additional remuneration by claiming the unused vacation period, an Unlimited Vacation Policy may not be an ideal option since an Unlimited Vacation Policy usually means no vacation pay under the contract.How does the “Unlimited Vacation Policy” operate in a Real-time Scenario?Freedom of choosing your own leave doesn’t automatically free you from your responsibilities.Companies offer the policy on the basis of the employee being able to complete their deadlines and produce great results. If the latter isn’t achieved, the benefit of the former is lost.Here are examples of 8 major companies around the world with t heir unlimited vacation policy and a quick summary of the benefits offered â€"GitHub  â€" Development Platform. GitHub provides its project managers around the world with unlimited time off to ensure their workers are motivated, happy, and focused on their goals.MWI â€" Digital Marketing Agency. The company strongly believes in great pay and unlimited time off to the secret of their success. There aren’t any working hours set by the company and the company also provides its employees with work-at-home options.Email Aptitude â€" Email Services. Apart from unlimited vacation policy, the folks at Email Aptitude ensure their techies gain cool perks in the form of gadgets for new parents, company sponsored trips and a whole lot of insurances.Teaching.com â€" Education Management. The team at Teaching.com receives annual conference allowance along with anytime vacation and flexible work hours to boot.Bonfire â€" Software Development. All employees are provided with Apple devices, a comp etitive compensation package, and unlimited vacation time.Articulate â€" E-Learning. Articulate has a unique “results-only” work environment, which focuses on providing unlimited vacation time to its employees and also many seminars are held to increase employee efficiency.Bloc â€" Online Education. While Bloc doesn’t offer all its employees unlimited vacation package, those who’ve have been part of the company for a long time enjoy this benefit.Impact Health â€" Health Insurance Search. Remote working, beachfront office, unlimited vacation policy are some of the many perks that employees get to experience at Impact Health.With these above-average benefits offered by companies, unlimited vacation policy serves as an attractive way to ensure employees are retained by the company and enjoy their own flexible work time.Here’s a video debating the advantages and disadvantages of Unlimited Vacation Policy. WHY DO COMPANIES OFFER UNLIMITED VACATION POLICY?Job satisfaction to emp loyees means better employee retentionRetaining top employees is a major priority for most companies.By unleashing the “Unlimited Vacation Policy”, companies get to woo employees into staying back.Companies understand the psychological factor behind the unlimited vacation policy, it means the employees are motivated to completing their work earlier to attain a quick rest day or two in the process.Richard Branson of Virgin Group strongly believes and states “We spend most of our lives at work. Life should be fun, so work should be fun.”His company is known to offer a lot of flexibility in the workplace and his employees are happy that they get to spend quality time with their families.On a business front, Richard states that most seasoned employees understand the value of completing their targets on time and hence, they must be rewarded with the ability to choose their own free time.Another great thing about the vacation policy is that employees get to travel on off-peak time s to avail massive discounts in accommodation and airfare.Save Costs on Unused Vacation Pay with the “Use-it or Lose-it Policy”When employees don’t use their vacation time, it’s reimbursed back to them in the form of payment upon resigning from the company. By using an unlimited vacation policy, the company saves on huge costs over time.According to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), employees aren’t entitled to a pay package regarding their time off work unless it’s mutually agreed by between the employee and the employer at the time of signing the contract.The companies that don’t provide an unlimited vacation policy usually end up paying the employees for unused vacation time and this can cause a financial burden on the company.An unlimited vacation policy ensures the company doesn’t have to pay out any vacation pay as the vacation time is chosen by the employee and they have no restriction on that time period.Hence, the payment is forfeit.Another aspect that sa ves money for the company is the fact that employees are healthier when they are happy and motivated.This saves costs on medical insurances and disability insurances in the long run.Every time an employee needs to head out for a routine health check-up, they don’t need to fret and can complete their monthly appointments using their flexible vacation period.In this way, they are less likely to fall sick and have a heightened sense of productivity.Boosts morale and productivity among employeesBy going on a relaxed holiday when needed, many employees turn up to work with increased confidence and energy.Productivity is increased, and the employees are happy with the company. This boosts the overall satisfaction rate in the company and the positive attitude begins to infect other employees working in the company.One of the biggest negative factors facing employees working in companies is the lack of an ideal work-life balance.By offering the freedom to choose your own vacation time, th e company creates a fairground where all the employees are treated alike with no ranking system to divide each other.When an employee is happy, they tend to come up with engaging ideas and renewed workforce that is absent in employees that are denied the freedom of selecting their own vacation period.Serves as an early trigger warning for non-productive employeesThe company can conveniently access past records of employees who’ve abused the vacation system and take stern action on them.This is a great way to identify the hardworking employees from the lazy ones. The company gets to assess the employees in an efficient manner and ensure they retain only the best workers in the company.In time, an unlimited vacation policy creates loyalty among the co-workers in the company with an emphasis on time management.Take for example â€" Employee A needs to go on a vacation, he can discuss his plans with Employee B to handle the project until he returns.Employee A can do the same for Employ ee B when it’s his time to go, in turn creating strong employee loyalty between each other.THE DARK SIDE OF THE UNLIMITED VACATION POLICYWhile the unlimited vacation policy is a great perk to have there are certain factors that you probably haven’t understood, and it could surprise you in a bad way.The Work-Martyr SyndromeIn the long run, when you sign up for a company that offers an unlimited vacation policy, you are bound to notice that none of your colleagues seem to take the weekend off to go on a vacation.This is because everyone is trying to compete with each other and look good in front of their senior bosses. The Unlimited Vacation Policy can cause you to postpone your vacation in favor of working through the ranks and beating the competition.Eventually, you end up denying your vacation period and this can be a bad deal considering you don’t get a normal vacation allowance compared to other companies. You also forfeit your unused vacation pay since Unlimited Vacation P olicies don’t come with paid vacations.Effective SolutionReward yourself with a vacation if you’ve worked hard enough in the company.You don’t deserve to overwork yourself and burn yourself out.The point of an unlimited vacation policy is that you should be able to take it at a time that you prefer. Ensure you create a printed vacation plan beforehand and go through with it.This way you end up utilizing your perk and also ensure your work is completed.Guilty Vacation TimeTaking a vacation off from work in an Unlimited Vacation Policy perk means the company makes the rest of the team work harder than normal and hence, whenever you do decide to go on a vacation you are bound to make your co-workers work harder on your behalf.When you’re back don’t be surprised to find many frowny faces glancing your way.Similarly, when you end up taking the damage for your colleague’s vacation, you are bound to get annoyed at them for leaving you in a pile of mess. The Unlimited Vacation P olicy may seem great at first, but it can surely catch you off guard with its negative aspects.Effective SolutionCommunication is key if you want to maintain friendly relations with your co-workers.Get to know all your teammates and let them know you’ll be taking a vacation beforehand.This way when the time comes, they can plan a strategy to get things done when you’re on leave.Similarly, request them to do the same so you can ensure all your important projects are complete and you will be able to take up their projects during their absence.Complexity in Work-Life BalanceThe hardest decision when working in a company providing you with an Unlimited Vacation Policy is knowing when is the best time to take the vacation without hampering your chances at a promotion.Take this example â€" If you’ve been angling for a promotion and you’ve worked hard enough for a year, you’d be hesitant to take a vacation as you feel you’d be cast out when the time of promotion comes.Sadly, ma ny companies understand this and misuse the policy to ensure their employees don’t take a vacation while working long hours.They use the excuse of competition to get quality work hours from the employees and in the end, you’d feel like a donkey chasing a carrot on a stick for the rest of the journey.Effective SolutionTell yourself this â€" “If you’ve been a key employee of the company, the promotion is bound to come your way.”Companies promote employees based on their performance and not based on how hard they work.So, if you’re aching for that vacation, its time to book your tickets and settle on the sandy beaches of Miami.Here’s an informative video guide that weighs the advantages and disadvantages of unlimited vacation policy. GUIDELINES TO MAINTAIN THE UNLIMITED VACATION POLICY WITHOUT ABUSING THE PERKS. DON’T ABUSE YOUR VACATION TIME.Yes! You’re in control of your own leaves but this doesn’t mean you aren’t under the prying eyes of your management every t ime you decide to take time off.It’s not acceptable to take off on a vacation soon after you’ve just had one.Communicate with Your Seniors on Your Vacation PlansIf you intend to take a two-week off, do mention it to your boss so he can entrust your responsibilities to another colleague until you’re back.A heads-up email with an emergency contact number is essential when taking off.The human resource department is bound to record the dates that you don’t show up to work even if the policy loosely states that your vacation time isn’t being documented.It’s important to read through the fine print in your contract to understand the exact meaning of your unlimited vacation policy. Always inform your HR department to provide them with a heads-up notice so they can arrange for a temporary replacement in your place.Your company is bound to expect you to take advantage of this perk, but they are sure to have a strict system in place if they find you abusing the policy.Be sensible in choosing your vacation time and also consider the other times that you might take a leave such as â€" sick days, medical checkups, and emergency situations.All these can add up to become a liability to the company and you could end up being fired for your sluggish behavior.Maintain the Trust FactorYour company trusts its employees enough to hand over the rights to manage their own vacation.Hence, the expectations in such a company are high and you will need clear planning of your time-off if you intend to be in the good books of your seniors.There are other options to consider without going on a total vacation and still being productive for the company â€"Work from Home.  You could ask your boss to allow you to work from home when you feel the need to relax and take the day off. This way you are being productive and also spending the time in the comfort of your home sipping your favorite cocktail. Performance isn’t necessarily a trait that is measured in the 4-walls of an offi ce and ultimately, the company only wants you to finish the work that has been assigned to you on time.Increase Performance.  Companies want nothing more from their employees other than to dedicate themselves fully to their cause. So, when you’re working in the cubicle of the company, it’s necessary to give it your best and ensure all the deadlines are sent before their last dates. This can increase your trust factor with your senior management and you could also end up being promoted for your dedication. The better your work the longer the vacation period you can take.CONCLUSIONWhile an Unlimited Vacation Policy completely restructures the way, an employee can avail his vacation time, it isn’t entirely without its dark corners. In practice, employers stand to benefit more from the policy compared to the employees.It’s easier for companies to save up on costs and fire non-performing employees and retain the best.It’s in your best interests to study the documentation offere d by your recruitment company carefully before you sign the dotted lines. If you are in a position to take advantage of the unlimited vacation policy, then its one of the most satisfying perks to have.

Bmt500086 Essay - 909 Words

NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY FOUNDATIONS FEEDBACK SHEET Activity 6 Dear Student, ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Please use this document to submit Activity 6. ------------------------------------------------- You can simply start typing in the first blank page (recommended) ------------------------------------------------- or paste in text from another document into the first blank page. ------------------------------------------------- Please save this file as: Your last name, first initial, e.g., BTM5000-6 (DoeJBTM5000-6). Please save a copy of this file for yourself. Academic Integrity: Please see and follow the Academic Integrity Policy in the†¦show more content†¦Are statements about all readings and resources accurate? 3. Is the writing clear and persuasive? 4. Is the writing correct in punctuation, grammar, word usage, and APA style? Grade and rationale. Grade is based on the following that maps onto the Northcentral rubrics as follows: 70% Content 1. Completion of the activity as instructed 2. Understanding of activity resources 3. Clarity and persuasiveness of writing 30% Presentation 4. Grammar, word usage and APA style BeardsleyDBMT5000-8-6 David W. Beardsley Northcentral University BeardsleyDBMT5000-8-6 Lai, I. K., amp; Lam, F. K. (2010, April 2010). Perception of various performance criteria by stakeholders in the construction sector in Hong Kong. Construction Management and Economics, 28, 377-391. Contractors, consultants and clients who engage in partnered construction projects in Hong Kong, are surveyed to compare from their diverse perspectives, expectations relating to targeted building project criteria. The differences between the measured results and the performance expectations of the various participants are all analyzed with the goal of promoting more research to ameliorate Hong Kong’s building industry. A research model is built to measure nine carefully selected construction project objectives to the actual results, and questionnaires are designed to compare the

American Framework of Political Ideology - 1293 Words

Within the relatively narrow American framework of political ideology, which leaves little room for left-wing diversity, I would be classified somewhere between a general liberal and a libertarian. Many of my beliefs are libertarian, such as my firm conviction that drug prohibition has failed miserably and is a dangerous policy to perpetuate. However, some of my core beliefs are more socialist in nature, such as my strong conviction that Americans should not just have universal access to K-12 education, but also to higher education and health care services. One could easily say that I would be comfortable in a Northern European country, where it is possible to hold socialist and libertarian values together. American left-wing ranter extraordinare and linguist Noam Chomsky calls himself a libertarian socialist, a term I do not find entirely distasteful (Chomsky Otero, 2003. However, labels and tags never seem to work for describing the complexity of beliefs that comprise an intellige nt political ideology. Just as coloring inside the lines is anathema to the creative spirit, forcing issue beliefs into the square holes of rigid political ideology is unhealthy and damaging for the democratic process. Therefore, I will only say that I have sympathy for the ideologies that are social liberalism, libertarianism, and socialism. Libertarian socialism might seem like a strange and even contradictory ideology. It is sometimes misunderstood. DeHavilland (2003) claims that it isShow MoreRelatedU.s. Presidential Election Elections Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesof the most recent decade, there has been a significant surge in American independent voters. It is of verifiable significance to put into thought the effects of these voters, especially, since the United States (U.S.) currently undergone its eagerly awaited 2016 Presidential General Election. 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Business Continuity Plan Free Essays

string(113) " The many opportunities for data retrieved from file space to be compromised are a drawback to this data source\." Data Sources in Digital Forensics March 17, 2013 Joana Achiampong CSEC 650 Introduction Four sources of data that stand out for forensic investigators in most criminal investigations are files, operating systems, routers and network traffic, and social network activity. Each data source presents a variety of opportunities and challenges for investigators, meaning that the more reliable data collection and analysis activity typically involves examination of a variety of sources. Digital forensics must cover the four basic phases of activity, which include: data collection, which describes the identification and acquisition of relevant data; data examination, which includes the processing of data through the use of automated and manual tools; analysis, which describes the evaluation and categorization of examined data into coherent groups, such as their usefulness in a court proceeding; and reporting, in which the results of analysis are described with careful attention paid to recommendations (Marcella Menendez, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Business Continuity Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The viability of each data source to an investigation must be evaluated based on how they can contribute to each phase. For example, the ability of routers and switches as a data source to help investigators might be effective in one area, but not in the other three. An examination of router activity might yield a surfeit of observable data that fails to provide diverse analytical tools that cannot be relied upon in a forensic setting. Another example is network traffic, which may yield a large amount of data that is unreliable or has a high degree of volatility (Garfinkel, 2010). Time is often essential for forensic investigators, and it is often important to know in advance the dynamics of each data source. This helps investigators avoid wasted time, or spending time analyzing data that may of minimal help in a forensic setting. For these reasons, it is important to critically assess the pros and cons of each data source for their ability to provide contributions. A valid assessment of each data source should be made based on consistent factors such as costs, data sensitivity, and time investment. The overall costs of each data source depend on the equipment that will be required to collect and analyze data without corruption. Costs also refer to the training and labor required during the course of the collection and analysis, which may be higher for uncommon sources that require a unique process and chain of command pattern. Data sensitivity is critical is a forensic tool, but may be more questionable depending on the source. For example, network activity can provide a wealth of information depending on the device and setting upon which data is moved. However, a network environment with many devices and multiple configurations may provide unreliable data that cannot be recognized in court proceedings. In addition, chain-of-command issues regarding the contribution of outside network analysts could compromise a source that would be otherwise valid. These issues have to be considered in any data source assessment. Data Files The most common data sources in a digital forensic examination are current and deleted files. Most forensic investigators in most data retrieval environments begin with an examination of the various media store on the hard drive of a computer, network, or mobile device. The variety of types of stored data in current and deleted files, in addition to partitioned packet files and the slack space of a device’s memory, can be massive and diverse. A typical first step in data retrieval is to shut down a system and create a data grab or forensic duplicate upon which collection and analysis can be made. This ensures the integrity of the original data, while allowing investigators the ability to manipulate data however they see fit. However, this process alone creates challenges for forensic investigators, including an inability to capture live system data. This might prevent investigators from catching a perpetrator in the act of altering or adding data to a device or system. One of the primary benefits of files as a data source is the ability to separate and analyze the types of files, which creates a specific signature based on the content and user (Marcella Menendez, 2008). Data can be pulled from deleted files, slack space on a system’s hard drive, or free space, all of which provides information that can be useful to investigators. The directory location and allocation type for each file informs the data that has been collected, including a time stamp and whether tools have been used to hide the data. Each of these characteristics provides investigators easy-to-access information about a system. In addition, there are a variety of hardware tools that can be used to access data. This technology is fairly common, meaning that associated costs tend to be minimal when retrieving data from files (Purita, 2006). File examination can yield a variety of types of suspicious activity that tend to be helpful for investigators. One example is the presence of hidden evidence on file systems. This type of data can be hidden in deleted file spaces, slack spaces, and bad clusters. File space is marked as deleted when it is removed from an active directory. This data will continue to exist within a cluster of a hard disk can be identified and accessed by creating a file in Hex format and transferring the copied data. Data can also be hidden in many others ways, including by removing partitions that are created between data and by leveraging the slack space that exists between files. Attempts by users to hide data using these methods are quickly identifiable by investigators, who can then restore the data using a variety of inexpensive and efficient methods. For example, matching RAM slack to file slack identifies the size of a file and makes it easier to identify and retrieve (Sindhu Meshram, 2012). This type of retrieval inherently emphasizes the importance of data integrity. This type of integrity is important in any forensic environment, and compromised data is usually rendered instantly unusable. The many opportunities for data retrieved from file space to be compromised are a drawback to this data source. You read "Business Continuity Plan" in category "Papers" For example, data retrieval using bit stream imaging provides a real-time copy onto a disk or similar medium. However, this can be compromised based on the fact that re-imagining of data is constantly changing during re-writing. Investigators will typically choose the type of data copy system based on what they are looking for. However, changes to data can occur if the appropriate safeguards are not taken. Write-blockers are often used to prevent an imaging process from providing data that has been compromised by writing to that media. Sindhu and Meshram 2012) stated that computing a message digest will create a verification of the copied data based on a comparison to the original. A message digest is an algorithm that takes input data and produces an output digest. This comparison helps investigators ensure the integrity of data in many cases. There are additional pitfalls when it comes to using files as data sources. Users have different resources for eliminating or hindering data collection. One example is overwriting content by replacing it with constant values. This type of wiping function can be performed by a variety of utilities. Users can also demagnetize a hard drive to physically destroy the content stored there. Using files as a data source in this case will require a complex operation requiring different tools. Users can also purposefully misname files – for example, giving them . jpg extensions when they are not image content files – in order to confuse investigators. Investigators have to be familiar with strategies for circumventing these pitfalls, such as maintaining an up-to-date forensic toolkit and remaining committed to maintaining data integrity. In the end, files are very highly relied upon by investigators and are a strong source forensic data. However, investigators must be experienced and have the appropriate tools to ensure the viability of collected data. Operating Systems Generally speaking, the data that can be collected from Operating Systems (OS) is more diverse and rich than file systems data, and has greater potential to uncover application-specific events or vital volatile data specific to a network operation (Sindhu, Tribathi Meshram, 2012). However, OS data mining can be more difficult and challenging, and often requires investigators to make quick decisions based on the type of data they are seeking. OS data mining is more case specific, in part because the retrieval of data is frequently connected to network configurations. Collecting volatile data can only occur from a live system that has not been shut down or rebooted (Marcella Menendez, 2008). Additional activity that occurs over an individual network session is very likely to compromise the OS data. For this reason, investigators have to be prepared and aware of what they are looking for. Time is of the essence in this case, and it is important to decide quickly whether or not the OS data should be preserved or if the system should be shut down. Keeping a system running during data extraction can also compromise data files. This also leaves data vulnerable to malware that has been installed by a user with bad intentions, determined to undermine the operations of investigators. The types of data that can be retrieved from the OS include network connections, network configurations, running processes, open files, and login sessions. In addition, the entire contents of the memory can be retrieved from the OS history, usually with little or no alteration of data when the footprint of retrieval activity is minimized. The order in which this data is collected typically runs in a standard succession, with network connections, login sessions, and memory collection sitting at the top of the list or priorities. These sources are more important because they tend to change over time. For example, network connections tend to time out and login sessions can change as users log in or out. Network configurations and the files that are open in a system are less time-sensitive and fall further down the list of priorities for investigators. The forensic toolkit must be diverse to ensure that data retrieval is achieved with minimal alteration (Bui, Enyeart Luong, 2003). In addition, the message digest of each tool should be documented, along with licensing and version information, and command logs. This careful documentation protects users from sudden loss of data or other disturbances during data retrieval. In addition, a number of accessibility issues can be implemented by users, including the placement of screen saver passwords, key remapping and log disabling features, all of which can disrupt the work by investigators, either providing unworkable obstacles or time-consuming hurdles that make complete transfer impossible. Ultimately, the use of OS as a data source is a case-by-case tool dependent on the availability of other sources and the specific needs and tools of investigators. Routers and Network Traffic Among network configuration data sources, router activity and network sourcing has the potential to provide the most specific amount of incriminating activity for forensic use. Forensic equipment should have time stamping capabilities activated to provide an accurate time signature of network interaction between an end-user and a router or switch (Schwartz, 2011). Importantly, firewalls and routers that are tied to a network often provide network address translation which can offer additional information by clarifying configuration or additional IP addresses on a network (Huston, 2004). There are a number of tools available to people seeking an analysis of network activity, including packet sniffers and intrusion detection systems (Marcella Menendez, 2008). These tools help investigators examine all packets for suspicious IP addresses and special events that have occurred across a network. This data is usually recorded and analyzed so that investigators can compare unusual events to evaluate network weaknesses and special interests of would-be attackers. This is of great interests to security agents determined to identify and stop potential network intrusions. A number of technical, procedural, legal and ethical issues exist when examining and analyzing network data. It is imperative that investigators be sure to avoid disconnected from a network or rebooting a system during data retrieval. They should also rely on live data and persistent information. Finally, it is important to avoid running configuration commands that could corrupt a network or its activity (Gast, 2010). Issues such as storage of large amounts of data over a highly trafficked network and proper placement of a decryption device along a network can impact how data is available and whether or not it maintains integrity. It is also important to consider the ethical and legal issues of data retrieval along a network when it involves sensitive data, such as financial records and personal information like passwords. In many cases, ethical issues can be circumvented with careful documentation and the publication of organizational policies and procedures that are strictly followed. However, these are all issues that must be considered in the analysis of network trafficking as a data source. Social Network Activity The sheer volume of social network activity – such as that on Facebook, Twitter, and Instragram – makes examining it as a data source great potential as a forensic tool. To this point, the little available research on social network data has failed to come up with a comprehensive framework or set of standards for investigators. Social network tools across mobile platforms invariably have geolocation services. However, the use of these as a data source has been questioned from ethical and legal perspectives (Humaid, Yousif, Said, 2011). The communication layer of social media applications on mobile devices can yield rich data, such as a browser cache and packet activity. Packet sniffing can expose unencrypted wifi use and third party intrusion across a social network. However, these tools are highly limited when they are restricted to social network activity. The best tools may be the ability to create a social footprint, which includes all friend activity, posted pictures and videos, communication habits, and periods of activity. For most people, this information is only available on social network websites and is not stored on a user’s hard drive. A certain climate of permissibility tends to apply to social network use, in which users are prone to making data available online that they would not otherwise expose. All of this strengthens the use of social networks as a data source. The greatest pitfall to social network activity is the malleability of the material. Users frequently change their habits, including the times of the day and the users with whom they connect. Cumulative social network data can be used to create a graph of all activity across a variety of factors, including time, space, usage, and devices (Mulazzani, Huber, Weippl). But this is a rapidly changing field. There is little doubt that the cloud computing data storage and continued growth of social networks will change this field quickly, which could quickly undermine past data that has been retrieved. Potential Usefulness in Specific Events The usefulness of a data source is strictly tied to the event it is intended to investigate. It is imperative that investigators are clear on their goals prior to selecting a source to retrieve and analyze data from. For example, a network intrusion would be best tackled with an examination of network traffic, followed by social network analysis, Operating Systems, and data file systems. Network analysis is less prone to attacking strategies that can compromise file and OS data. It can observe network traffic to find anomalous entities and their entry point within a network. It can also identify source and destination data by data recovery and access to routers r other network access points (Aquilina, Casey Malin, 2008). This is critical information for network intrusion investigations. Operating Systems enable access to volatile data, but this is limited by single-time use and data integrity issues. Most OS examinations look at network connections first, which is often another way of accessing the same data. File storage and social network analysis tend to offer peripheral views of the same material. Operating systems are the most helpful data source in malware installation investigation, followed by network traffic, data files, and social network activity. Examination of volatile data offers a range of data, including network connections and login sessions, which are primary tools for finding the source of malware installation (Aquilina, Casey Malin, 2008). Maintaining the integrity of data through quick retrieval and minimal footprints helps ensure its usefulness. At the same time, monitoring network traffic in a pro-active manner is often the surest way of pinpointing time signatures and matching them with network activity (Marcella Menendez, 2008). The best data sources for identifying insider file deletion are data files, network traffic, social network activity and OS. Each source offers benefits for this type of investigation, but data file collection and analysis yields bad clusters and slack space, both of which pinpoint the likelihood of deleted files. Recovery can begin from this point. Network activity and OS data retrieval can lead investigators to unusual login attempts and anomalous activity in order to pinpoint the location of deleted files along a network. At the same time, social network examination can help investigators understand reasons for deleted files and even learn more about the habits and lifestyle of a likely perpetrator. In the end, a collection of each of these sources provides a rich, revealing glimpse at deleted file activity. Conclusion Network traffic, data files, operating systems, and social network activity are four common data sources in digital forensic. Each provides a unique opportunity and set of risks for investigators, and the source should be chosen based on clear objectives and awareness of all circumstances. In many cases, the best choice is a combination of sources to provide multiple opportunities to arrive at the relevant evidence. Another factor is whether the data search is reactive or pro-active, with network traffic often providing the best source of evidence in a pro-active, forward-thinking environment. The variable of time must also be considered, specifically with respect to how investigators approach volatile data. Each of these issues must be considered when evaluating data sources. References Aquilina, J. , Casey, E. Malin, C. (2008). Malware forensics: Investigating and Analyzing Malicious Code. Burlington, MA: Syngress Publishing. Bui, S. , Enyeart, M. Luong, J. (2003, May). Issues in Computer Forensics. Retrieved ttp://www. cse. scu. edu/~jholliday/COEN150sp03/projects/Forensic%20Investiga tion. pdf Garfinkel, S. (2010). Digital forensics research: The next 10 years. Digital Investigation, 7. 64-73. Gast, T. (2010). Forensic data handling. The Business Forum. Retrieved from http://www. bizforum. org/whitepapers/cybertrust-1. htm Humaid, H. , Yousif, A. Said, H. (2011, December). Smart phones fo rensics and social networks. IEEE Multidisciplinary Engineering Education Magazine, 6(4). 7-14. Huston, G. (2004, September). Anatomy: A look inside network address translators. The Internet Protocol Journal, 7(3). Retrieved from http://www. cisco. com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_7- 3/anatomy. html Marcella, A. Menendez, D. (2008). Cyber Forensics: A Field Manual for Collecting, Examining, and Preserving Data. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Mulazzani, M. , Huber, M. Weippl, E. (n. d. ). Social network forensics: Tapping the data pool of social networks. SBA-Research. Retrieved from http://www. sba- research. org/wp-content/uploads/publications/socialForensics_preprint. pdf Purita, R. (2006). Computer Forensics: A valuable audit tool. Internal Auditor. Retrieved from http://www. theiia. rg/intAuditor/itaudit/archives/2006/september/computer- forensics-a-valuable-audit-tool-1/ Schwartz, M. (2011, December). How digital forensics detects insider theft. InformationWeek Security. Retrieved from http://www. informationweek. com/security/management/how-digital-forensics- detects-insider-t/232300409 Sindhu, K. Meshram, B. (2012). A digital forensic tool for cyber crime data min ing. Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2(1). 117-123. Sindhu, K. , Tripathi, S. Meshram, B. (2012). Digital forensic investigation on file system and database tampering. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2(2). 214-221. How to cite Business Continuity Plan, Papers

The Odyssey Essay Summary Example For Students

The Odyssey Essay Summary In book twelve of The Odyssey, the main character, Odysseus, is confronted with three obstacles that he and his crew must conquer in order to get home to Ithaca. The first of the three obstacles that Odysseus and his crew must face are the sirens and their enchanting melody. This obstacle is the easiest one for the war heroes to conquer, all they have to do is plug their ears and sail past the siren’s island. Odysseus adds a twist by having himself tied to the mast of his ship where he can here the song, but cannot be drawn to his death. After the sirens Odysseus and his men only have to face one of the two following obstacles: the monster Scylla, or the natural phenomenon Kharybdis. Before Odysseus and his men made their journey through these obstacles Odysseus was forewarned of the dangers ahead. Instead of informing his men of their possible death, he kept his knowledge to himself. In the moral standards that people use in the late twentieth century, Odysseus’ decisi on not to tell his crew about the dangers that lay ahead of them was unethical. However, in the standards of Greece in Odysseus’ time period it more than likely was a moral action. Knowing both of these facts, how should we, as readers, interpret Odysseus’ decision? Odysseus made his decision because he believed that his crew would not go through the cliffs that house Scylla and Kharybdis. Odysseus was probably correct in his judgment of his men’s willingness to face death. As the commander he has the right to make decisions of this caliber. The idea of a commander having the ability to decide whether or not the crew lives is another moral issue. Personally, I’m not sure what the rules regarding this are in the United States’ armed forces today. Besides what our armed forces think, I don’t think that the idea of a commander having the kind of authority to decide whom dies and who lives is moral. Besides the idea that Odysseus, as a commander , has the authority to decide the fate of his crew, there is the issue of the reasons behind his decision. I believe that he based his decision to put his crew’s lives at risk on his own need to get home to Ithaca. Therefore, according to Odysseus’ logic, he wants to go home much more than his men because he thought that his crew would abandon the ship if he told them of their fate. Whereas he is willing to face the dangers of the obstacles ahead in order to get home. To me this is a selfish decision on the part of Odysseus, to sacrifice his crew, or some of it, so that he can get home. We will write a custom essay on The Odyssey Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In conclusion, Odysseus made a decision not to tell his crew about the dangers that lay ahead of them based on several things. He thought that they would refuse to face death because they didn’t think that getting home was worth the risk. He had the right to do this because he was their commander. Still, no matter which moral system you look through, past or present, Odysseus did not tell his crew about the dangers they would face due to personal reasons. He didn’t tell his crew that six, maybe even more of them, would die all because he wanted to go home to Ithaca. Bibliography: