Who Was Mother Theresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Doctors Of The Church

Who Was Mother Theresa Essays - Mother Teresa, Doctors Of The Church Who Was Mother Theresa Who Was Mother Teresa? Mother Teresa was forever her own individual, startlingly free, dutiful, yet testing some assumptions and desires. Her own biography incorporates numerous representations of her readiness to tune in to also, follow her own still, small voice, in any event, when it appeared to repudiate what was normal. This solid and autonomous Slavic lady was conceived Gonxha (Agnes) Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Yugoslavia, on August 27, 1910. Five kids were destined to Nikola and Dronda Bojaxhiu, yet just three endure. Gonxha was the most youthful, with a more established sister, Aga, and sibling, Lazar. This sibling portrays the family's initial a very long time as wealthy, not the life of laborers revealed incorrectly by a few. We needed for nothing. Indeed, the family lived in one of the two houses they possessed. Nikola was a contractual worker, working with a accomplice in a fruitful development business. He was additionally intensely engaged with the legislative issues of the day. Lazar recounts his dad's somewhat unexpected and stunning demise, which may have been because of harming as a result of his political contribution. With this occasion, life changed overnight as their mom expected aggregate obligation regarding the family, Aga, just 14, Lazar, 9, and Gonxha, 7. In spite of the fact that such a large amount of her young life was focused in the Church, Mother Teresa later uncovered that until she arrived at 18, she had never thought of being a pious devotee. During her initial a long time, be that as it may, she was interested with accounts of teacher life and administration. She could find any number of missions on the guide, and tell others of the administration being given in each spot. Called to Religious Life At 18, Gonxha chose to follow the way that appears to have been unknowingly unfurling for an incredible duration. She picked the Loreto Sisters of Dublin, evangelists and teachers established in the seventeenth century to teach little youngsters. In 1928, the future Mother Teresa started her strict life in Ireland, a long way from her family and the existence she'd known, never observing her mom again in this life, communicating in a language few comprehended. During this period a sister fledgling recollected her as extremely little, calm and bashful, and another individual from the gathering portrayed her as customary. Mother Teresa herself, even with the later choice to start her own locale of strict, proceeded to esteem her beginnings with the Loreto sisters also, to keep up close ties. Steady duty and self-control, consistently a section of her life and strengthened in her affiliation with the Loreto sisters, appeared to remain with her for an incredible duration. After one year, in 1929, Gonxha was sent to Darjeeling to the newcomer of the Sisters of Loreto. In 1931, she made her first promises there, picking the name of Teresa, regarding the two holy people of a similar name, Teresa of Avila what's more, Therese of Lisieux. With regards to the normal systems of the assemblage and her most profound wants, it was the ideal opportunity for the new Sister Teresa to start her long periods of administration to God's individuals. She was sent to St. Mary's, a high school for young ladies in a locale of Calcutta. Here she started a lifelong showing history and topography, which she purportedly did with devotion and happiness for the following 15 a long time. It was in the secured condition of this school for the little girls of the affluent that Teresa's new job created and developed. This was the reasonable message, the greeting to her subsequent calling, that Teresa heard on that pivotal day in 1946 when she headed out to Darjeeling for retreat. The Streets of Calcutta During the following two years, Teresa sought after each road to follow what she never questioned was the bearing God was pointing her. She was to surrender even Loreto where I was exceptionally glad and to go out in the roads. I heard the call to surrender all and follow Christ into the ghettos to serve him among the least fortunate of poor people. Details and items of common sense flourished. She must be discharged officially, not from her ceaseless pledges, however from living inside the religious communities of the Sisters of Loreto. She needed to go up against the Church's protection from shaping new strict networks, and get authorization from the Archbishop of Calcutta to serve the poor straightforwardly in the city. She needed to make sense of how to live and take a shot at the avenues, without the security and solace of the community. With respect to garments, Teresa chose she would put aside the propensity she had worn during her years as a Loreto sister and wear the common dress of an Indian lady: a plain white sari and shoes. Teresa originally went to Patna for a couple of months to get ready for her future work by taking a nursing course. In 1948 she got consent from Pius XII to leave her network and live as an autonomous pious devotee. So back to Calcutta she proceeded to discover a little hut to lease to start her

Bullet-Trains

Likewise they are intended for significant distance voyaging, and have not been actualized in the United States. They have numerous upper hands, for example, higher velocities, which prompts a faster methods for transportation. This is a tremendous favorable position in light of the fact that in todays society time is one the most significant hotspots for upper hand. They have a considerably more current look which incorporates open to seating, and top of the line feasting, which these are likewise center abilities. This prompts quality, customers are eager to go through the additional cash for quality, which they will get on the projectile trains. Likewise the innovation is so exceptional there wouldn’t be rivalry legitimately to Siemens if they somehow managed to begin in the US advertise. will contend against.Customers need to have the option to have a casual encounter when voyaging, since voyaging is furious all things considered. Shot trains will fill those requirements o f the buyer, and with the entirety of the overviews that have been accomplished over 60% of individuals hate the confusion that accompanies voyaging. Regardless of whether they are going through the air or in a vehicle it isn't entirely agreeable, this is a colossal upper hand for slug trains which likewise makes them â€Å"order winners†. Request Winners are highlights that fundamentally prevail upon a client to your item or administration they have made these trains dependent on shopper needs and needs, on account of these trains being delivered for such a significant stretch of time. â€Å"The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) built up a procedure for assigning U.S. rapid rail (HSR) corridors.† This began the testing of high velocity trains which can go up to 90-120 mph.Bullet trains are twice as quick as these. This innovation is progressed however and the US government doesn't have faith in subsidizing right now. This is on the groun ds that the expense of creation is extremely high, which is significant. In the event that the administration were to help with the subsidizing this be a gigantic significance for Siemens. In spite of the fact that they are an immense company without government financing, it is extravagant to deliver the projectile trains. So right now they are thinking of various vital techniques on the most proficient method to bring down creation costs, just as how to relate the trains to a progressively explicit market segment.The significance of the exploration that is being done will either represent the moment of truth the open door for the trains to come to theâ states. They need the administrations support and the abilitity to think of another technique on the best way to introduce the plan to Government. The commitments these trains will make are un-possible. They not just make the US a progressively inventive nation, yet it could help in expanding the US economy, which could especially u tilize this lift. It will give residents significantly speedier mean of transportation, while additionally bringing down the expenses of various businesses, for example, air travel, vehicle travel, and increasingly slow advantageous train travel. This could add to bringing down gas costs, boarding pass costs, and push the US toward another path for the future.This prompts the Value chain impact, Siemens is as of now route in front of society’s innovation today. They are an extremely cutting edge association and they as of now have nearby research testing. They additionally produce a great deal of their parts that would be required for the trains which is an advantage of the worth chain process. I would exhort for the trains to go to the us since it would be an enormous headway for our general public.

Unlimited Vacation Policy What You Should Know

Unlimited Vacation Policy What You Should Know An Unlimited Vacation Policy sounds super on paper but is it really all that meets the eye?Companies that tend to offer an Unlimited Vacation Policy do so with the intention of providing their employees with a flexible work-life balance.When employees are happier, the company tends to perform better.The policy is in place not for the employees to abuse the perks of a free vacation trip rather the intention is to allow you to plan a vacation at any time you feel the need to.The Unlimited Vacation Policy can be a great benefit when used in the right sense.However, when abused there are drawbacks.Let’s dwell deeper to get a clearer picture of how the Unlimited Vacation Policy works.UNDERSTANDING THE TERM “UNLIMITED VACATION POLICY”What does “Unlimited Vacation Policy” truly mean?The policy means taking time off whenever you feel the need to but should be within an acceptable timeframe of a professional environment.Employees are in control of their own vacation time provided th ey are able to complete their projects within their respective deadlines.A study conducted by the Center for Economic Policy and Research Study has pointed out interesting facts on vacation pay for employees based in different regions of the world.65 percent of Americans don’t use their paid time offAmerican employees receive an average vacation time of 13-days per annual yearEuropean employees receive an average vacation time of 20-days per annual yearOut of the 13-days of allotted vacation time for Americans, 8 days per year are considered paid leavesBoth European and American companies offer additional days of leave for workers above the age of 60The United States ranked the lowest among the developed companies for providing their employees with paid vacation leave with Japan and New Zealand providing their workers a 20-to 30-day vacation period in a yearThe European companies offered a better vacation pay compared to the American companiesWith the above statistics, we can bold ly claim that an Unlimited Vacation Policy can benefit or be a drawback depending on how many days you intend to take a vacation for.Consider this example â€" If you are someone who completes their work on time and likes to take time to travel around the globe, an Unlimited Vacation Policy makes the most sense.However, if you’re someone that prefers to work and gain additional remuneration by claiming the unused vacation period, an Unlimited Vacation Policy may not be an ideal option since an Unlimited Vacation Policy usually means no vacation pay under the contract.How does the “Unlimited Vacation Policy” operate in a Real-time Scenario?Freedom of choosing your own leave doesn’t automatically free you from your responsibilities.Companies offer the policy on the basis of the employee being able to complete their deadlines and produce great results. If the latter isn’t achieved, the benefit of the former is lost.Here are examples of 8 major companies around the world with t heir unlimited vacation policy and a quick summary of the benefits offered â€"GitHub  â€" Development Platform. GitHub provides its project managers around the world with unlimited time off to ensure their workers are motivated, happy, and focused on their goals.MWI â€" Digital Marketing Agency. The company strongly believes in great pay and unlimited time off to the secret of their success. There aren’t any working hours set by the company and the company also provides its employees with work-at-home options.Email Aptitude â€" Email Services. Apart from unlimited vacation policy, the folks at Email Aptitude ensure their techies gain cool perks in the form of gadgets for new parents, company sponsored trips and a whole lot of insurances.Teaching.com â€" Education Management. The team at Teaching.com receives annual conference allowance along with anytime vacation and flexible work hours to boot.Bonfire â€" Software Development. All employees are provided with Apple devices, a comp etitive compensation package, and unlimited vacation time.Articulate â€" E-Learning. Articulate has a unique “results-only” work environment, which focuses on providing unlimited vacation time to its employees and also many seminars are held to increase employee efficiency.Bloc â€" Online Education. While Bloc doesn’t offer all its employees unlimited vacation package, those who’ve have been part of the company for a long time enjoy this benefit.Impact Health â€" Health Insurance Search. Remote working, beachfront office, unlimited vacation policy are some of the many perks that employees get to experience at Impact Health.With these above-average benefits offered by companies, unlimited vacation policy serves as an attractive way to ensure employees are retained by the company and enjoy their own flexible work time.Here’s a video debating the advantages and disadvantages of Unlimited Vacation Policy. WHY DO COMPANIES OFFER UNLIMITED VACATION POLICY?Job satisfaction to emp loyees means better employee retentionRetaining top employees is a major priority for most companies.By unleashing the “Unlimited Vacation Policy”, companies get to woo employees into staying back.Companies understand the psychological factor behind the unlimited vacation policy, it means the employees are motivated to completing their work earlier to attain a quick rest day or two in the process.Richard Branson of Virgin Group strongly believes and states “We spend most of our lives at work. Life should be fun, so work should be fun.”His company is known to offer a lot of flexibility in the workplace and his employees are happy that they get to spend quality time with their families.On a business front, Richard states that most seasoned employees understand the value of completing their targets on time and hence, they must be rewarded with the ability to choose their own free time.Another great thing about the vacation policy is that employees get to travel on off-peak time s to avail massive discounts in accommodation and airfare.Save Costs on Unused Vacation Pay with the “Use-it or Lose-it Policy”When employees don’t use their vacation time, it’s reimbursed back to them in the form of payment upon resigning from the company. By using an unlimited vacation policy, the company saves on huge costs over time.According to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), employees aren’t entitled to a pay package regarding their time off work unless it’s mutually agreed by between the employee and the employer at the time of signing the contract.The companies that don’t provide an unlimited vacation policy usually end up paying the employees for unused vacation time and this can cause a financial burden on the company.An unlimited vacation policy ensures the company doesn’t have to pay out any vacation pay as the vacation time is chosen by the employee and they have no restriction on that time period.Hence, the payment is forfeit.Another aspect that sa ves money for the company is the fact that employees are healthier when they are happy and motivated.This saves costs on medical insurances and disability insurances in the long run.Every time an employee needs to head out for a routine health check-up, they don’t need to fret and can complete their monthly appointments using their flexible vacation period.In this way, they are less likely to fall sick and have a heightened sense of productivity.Boosts morale and productivity among employeesBy going on a relaxed holiday when needed, many employees turn up to work with increased confidence and energy.Productivity is increased, and the employees are happy with the company. This boosts the overall satisfaction rate in the company and the positive attitude begins to infect other employees working in the company.One of the biggest negative factors facing employees working in companies is the lack of an ideal work-life balance.By offering the freedom to choose your own vacation time, th e company creates a fairground where all the employees are treated alike with no ranking system to divide each other.When an employee is happy, they tend to come up with engaging ideas and renewed workforce that is absent in employees that are denied the freedom of selecting their own vacation period.Serves as an early trigger warning for non-productive employeesThe company can conveniently access past records of employees who’ve abused the vacation system and take stern action on them.This is a great way to identify the hardworking employees from the lazy ones. The company gets to assess the employees in an efficient manner and ensure they retain only the best workers in the company.In time, an unlimited vacation policy creates loyalty among the co-workers in the company with an emphasis on time management.Take for example â€" Employee A needs to go on a vacation, he can discuss his plans with Employee B to handle the project until he returns.Employee A can do the same for Employ ee B when it’s his time to go, in turn creating strong employee loyalty between each other.THE DARK SIDE OF THE UNLIMITED VACATION POLICYWhile the unlimited vacation policy is a great perk to have there are certain factors that you probably haven’t understood, and it could surprise you in a bad way.The Work-Martyr SyndromeIn the long run, when you sign up for a company that offers an unlimited vacation policy, you are bound to notice that none of your colleagues seem to take the weekend off to go on a vacation.This is because everyone is trying to compete with each other and look good in front of their senior bosses. The Unlimited Vacation Policy can cause you to postpone your vacation in favor of working through the ranks and beating the competition.Eventually, you end up denying your vacation period and this can be a bad deal considering you don’t get a normal vacation allowance compared to other companies. You also forfeit your unused vacation pay since Unlimited Vacation P olicies don’t come with paid vacations.Effective SolutionReward yourself with a vacation if you’ve worked hard enough in the company.You don’t deserve to overwork yourself and burn yourself out.The point of an unlimited vacation policy is that you should be able to take it at a time that you prefer. Ensure you create a printed vacation plan beforehand and go through with it.This way you end up utilizing your perk and also ensure your work is completed.Guilty Vacation TimeTaking a vacation off from work in an Unlimited Vacation Policy perk means the company makes the rest of the team work harder than normal and hence, whenever you do decide to go on a vacation you are bound to make your co-workers work harder on your behalf.When you’re back don’t be surprised to find many frowny faces glancing your way.Similarly, when you end up taking the damage for your colleague’s vacation, you are bound to get annoyed at them for leaving you in a pile of mess. The Unlimited Vacation P olicy may seem great at first, but it can surely catch you off guard with its negative aspects.Effective SolutionCommunication is key if you want to maintain friendly relations with your co-workers.Get to know all your teammates and let them know you’ll be taking a vacation beforehand.This way when the time comes, they can plan a strategy to get things done when you’re on leave.Similarly, request them to do the same so you can ensure all your important projects are complete and you will be able to take up their projects during their absence.Complexity in Work-Life BalanceThe hardest decision when working in a company providing you with an Unlimited Vacation Policy is knowing when is the best time to take the vacation without hampering your chances at a promotion.Take this example â€" If you’ve been angling for a promotion and you’ve worked hard enough for a year, you’d be hesitant to take a vacation as you feel you’d be cast out when the time of promotion comes.Sadly, ma ny companies understand this and misuse the policy to ensure their employees don’t take a vacation while working long hours.They use the excuse of competition to get quality work hours from the employees and in the end, you’d feel like a donkey chasing a carrot on a stick for the rest of the journey.Effective SolutionTell yourself this â€" “If you’ve been a key employee of the company, the promotion is bound to come your way.”Companies promote employees based on their performance and not based on how hard they work.So, if you’re aching for that vacation, its time to book your tickets and settle on the sandy beaches of Miami.Here’s an informative video guide that weighs the advantages and disadvantages of unlimited vacation policy. GUIDELINES TO MAINTAIN THE UNLIMITED VACATION POLICY WITHOUT ABUSING THE PERKS. DON’T ABUSE YOUR VACATION TIME.Yes! You’re in control of your own leaves but this doesn’t mean you aren’t under the prying eyes of your management every t ime you decide to take time off.It’s not acceptable to take off on a vacation soon after you’ve just had one.Communicate with Your Seniors on Your Vacation PlansIf you intend to take a two-week off, do mention it to your boss so he can entrust your responsibilities to another colleague until you’re back.A heads-up email with an emergency contact number is essential when taking off.The human resource department is bound to record the dates that you don’t show up to work even if the policy loosely states that your vacation time isn’t being documented.It’s important to read through the fine print in your contract to understand the exact meaning of your unlimited vacation policy. Always inform your HR department to provide them with a heads-up notice so they can arrange for a temporary replacement in your place.Your company is bound to expect you to take advantage of this perk, but they are sure to have a strict system in place if they find you abusing the policy.Be sensible in choosing your vacation time and also consider the other times that you might take a leave such as â€" sick days, medical checkups, and emergency situations.All these can add up to become a liability to the company and you could end up being fired for your sluggish behavior.Maintain the Trust FactorYour company trusts its employees enough to hand over the rights to manage their own vacation.Hence, the expectations in such a company are high and you will need clear planning of your time-off if you intend to be in the good books of your seniors.There are other options to consider without going on a total vacation and still being productive for the company â€"Work from Home.  You could ask your boss to allow you to work from home when you feel the need to relax and take the day off. This way you are being productive and also spending the time in the comfort of your home sipping your favorite cocktail. Performance isn’t necessarily a trait that is measured in the 4-walls of an offi ce and ultimately, the company only wants you to finish the work that has been assigned to you on time.Increase Performance.  Companies want nothing more from their employees other than to dedicate themselves fully to their cause. So, when you’re working in the cubicle of the company, it’s necessary to give it your best and ensure all the deadlines are sent before their last dates. This can increase your trust factor with your senior management and you could also end up being promoted for your dedication. The better your work the longer the vacation period you can take.CONCLUSIONWhile an Unlimited Vacation Policy completely restructures the way, an employee can avail his vacation time, it isn’t entirely without its dark corners. In practice, employers stand to benefit more from the policy compared to the employees.It’s easier for companies to save up on costs and fire non-performing employees and retain the best.It’s in your best interests to study the documentation offere d by your recruitment company carefully before you sign the dotted lines. If you are in a position to take advantage of the unlimited vacation policy, then its one of the most satisfying perks to have.

Bmt500086 Essay - 909 Words

NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY FOUNDATIONS FEEDBACK SHEET Activity 6 Dear Student, ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Please use this document to submit Activity 6. ------------------------------------------------- You can simply start typing in the first blank page (recommended) ------------------------------------------------- or paste in text from another document into the first blank page. ------------------------------------------------- Please save this file as: Your last name, first initial, e.g., BTM5000-6 (DoeJBTM5000-6). Please save a copy of this file for yourself. Academic Integrity: Please see and follow the Academic Integrity Policy in the†¦show more content†¦Are statements about all readings and resources accurate? 3. Is the writing clear and persuasive? 4. Is the writing correct in punctuation, grammar, word usage, and APA style? Grade and rationale. Grade is based on the following that maps onto the Northcentral rubrics as follows: 70% Content 1. Completion of the activity as instructed 2. Understanding of activity resources 3. Clarity and persuasiveness of writing 30% Presentation 4. Grammar, word usage and APA style BeardsleyDBMT5000-8-6 David W. Beardsley Northcentral University BeardsleyDBMT5000-8-6 Lai, I. K., amp; Lam, F. K. (2010, April 2010). Perception of various performance criteria by stakeholders in the construction sector in Hong Kong. Construction Management and Economics, 28, 377-391. Contractors, consultants and clients who engage in partnered construction projects in Hong Kong, are surveyed to compare from their diverse perspectives, expectations relating to targeted building project criteria. The differences between the measured results and the performance expectations of the various participants are all analyzed with the goal of promoting more research to ameliorate Hong Kong’s building industry. A research model is built to measure nine carefully selected construction project objectives to the actual results, and questionnaires are designed to compare the

American Framework of Political Ideology - 1293 Words

Within the relatively narrow American framework of political ideology, which leaves little room for left-wing diversity, I would be classified somewhere between a general liberal and a libertarian. Many of my beliefs are libertarian, such as my firm conviction that drug prohibition has failed miserably and is a dangerous policy to perpetuate. However, some of my core beliefs are more socialist in nature, such as my strong conviction that Americans should not just have universal access to K-12 education, but also to higher education and health care services. One could easily say that I would be comfortable in a Northern European country, where it is possible to hold socialist and libertarian values together. American left-wing ranter extraordinare and linguist Noam Chomsky calls himself a libertarian socialist, a term I do not find entirely distasteful (Chomsky Otero, 2003. However, labels and tags never seem to work for describing the complexity of beliefs that comprise an intellige nt political ideology. Just as coloring inside the lines is anathema to the creative spirit, forcing issue beliefs into the square holes of rigid political ideology is unhealthy and damaging for the democratic process. Therefore, I will only say that I have sympathy for the ideologies that are social liberalism, libertarianism, and socialism. Libertarian socialism might seem like a strange and even contradictory ideology. It is sometimes misunderstood. DeHavilland (2003) claims that it isShow MoreRelatedU.s. Presidential Election Elections Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesof the most recent decade, there has been a significant surge in American independent voters. It is of verifiable significance to put into thought the effects of these voters, especially, since the United States (U.S.) currently undergone its eagerly awaited 2016 Presidential General Election. 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Business Continuity Plan Free Essays

string(113) " The many opportunities for data retrieved from file space to be compromised are a drawback to this data source\." Data Sources in Digital Forensics March 17, 2013 Joana Achiampong CSEC 650 Introduction Four sources of data that stand out for forensic investigators in most criminal investigations are files, operating systems, routers and network traffic, and social network activity. Each data source presents a variety of opportunities and challenges for investigators, meaning that the more reliable data collection and analysis activity typically involves examination of a variety of sources. Digital forensics must cover the four basic phases of activity, which include: data collection, which describes the identification and acquisition of relevant data; data examination, which includes the processing of data through the use of automated and manual tools; analysis, which describes the evaluation and categorization of examined data into coherent groups, such as their usefulness in a court proceeding; and reporting, in which the results of analysis are described with careful attention paid to recommendations (Marcella Menendez, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Business Continuity Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The viability of each data source to an investigation must be evaluated based on how they can contribute to each phase. For example, the ability of routers and switches as a data source to help investigators might be effective in one area, but not in the other three. An examination of router activity might yield a surfeit of observable data that fails to provide diverse analytical tools that cannot be relied upon in a forensic setting. Another example is network traffic, which may yield a large amount of data that is unreliable or has a high degree of volatility (Garfinkel, 2010). Time is often essential for forensic investigators, and it is often important to know in advance the dynamics of each data source. This helps investigators avoid wasted time, or spending time analyzing data that may of minimal help in a forensic setting. For these reasons, it is important to critically assess the pros and cons of each data source for their ability to provide contributions. A valid assessment of each data source should be made based on consistent factors such as costs, data sensitivity, and time investment. The overall costs of each data source depend on the equipment that will be required to collect and analyze data without corruption. Costs also refer to the training and labor required during the course of the collection and analysis, which may be higher for uncommon sources that require a unique process and chain of command pattern. Data sensitivity is critical is a forensic tool, but may be more questionable depending on the source. For example, network activity can provide a wealth of information depending on the device and setting upon which data is moved. However, a network environment with many devices and multiple configurations may provide unreliable data that cannot be recognized in court proceedings. In addition, chain-of-command issues regarding the contribution of outside network analysts could compromise a source that would be otherwise valid. These issues have to be considered in any data source assessment. Data Files The most common data sources in a digital forensic examination are current and deleted files. Most forensic investigators in most data retrieval environments begin with an examination of the various media store on the hard drive of a computer, network, or mobile device. The variety of types of stored data in current and deleted files, in addition to partitioned packet files and the slack space of a device’s memory, can be massive and diverse. A typical first step in data retrieval is to shut down a system and create a data grab or forensic duplicate upon which collection and analysis can be made. This ensures the integrity of the original data, while allowing investigators the ability to manipulate data however they see fit. However, this process alone creates challenges for forensic investigators, including an inability to capture live system data. This might prevent investigators from catching a perpetrator in the act of altering or adding data to a device or system. One of the primary benefits of files as a data source is the ability to separate and analyze the types of files, which creates a specific signature based on the content and user (Marcella Menendez, 2008). Data can be pulled from deleted files, slack space on a system’s hard drive, or free space, all of which provides information that can be useful to investigators. The directory location and allocation type for each file informs the data that has been collected, including a time stamp and whether tools have been used to hide the data. Each of these characteristics provides investigators easy-to-access information about a system. In addition, there are a variety of hardware tools that can be used to access data. This technology is fairly common, meaning that associated costs tend to be minimal when retrieving data from files (Purita, 2006). File examination can yield a variety of types of suspicious activity that tend to be helpful for investigators. One example is the presence of hidden evidence on file systems. This type of data can be hidden in deleted file spaces, slack spaces, and bad clusters. File space is marked as deleted when it is removed from an active directory. This data will continue to exist within a cluster of a hard disk can be identified and accessed by creating a file in Hex format and transferring the copied data. Data can also be hidden in many others ways, including by removing partitions that are created between data and by leveraging the slack space that exists between files. Attempts by users to hide data using these methods are quickly identifiable by investigators, who can then restore the data using a variety of inexpensive and efficient methods. For example, matching RAM slack to file slack identifies the size of a file and makes it easier to identify and retrieve (Sindhu Meshram, 2012). This type of retrieval inherently emphasizes the importance of data integrity. This type of integrity is important in any forensic environment, and compromised data is usually rendered instantly unusable. The many opportunities for data retrieved from file space to be compromised are a drawback to this data source. You read "Business Continuity Plan" in category "Papers" For example, data retrieval using bit stream imaging provides a real-time copy onto a disk or similar medium. However, this can be compromised based on the fact that re-imagining of data is constantly changing during re-writing. Investigators will typically choose the type of data copy system based on what they are looking for. However, changes to data can occur if the appropriate safeguards are not taken. Write-blockers are often used to prevent an imaging process from providing data that has been compromised by writing to that media. Sindhu and Meshram 2012) stated that computing a message digest will create a verification of the copied data based on a comparison to the original. A message digest is an algorithm that takes input data and produces an output digest. This comparison helps investigators ensure the integrity of data in many cases. There are additional pitfalls when it comes to using files as data sources. Users have different resources for eliminating or hindering data collection. One example is overwriting content by replacing it with constant values. This type of wiping function can be performed by a variety of utilities. Users can also demagnetize a hard drive to physically destroy the content stored there. Using files as a data source in this case will require a complex operation requiring different tools. Users can also purposefully misname files – for example, giving them . jpg extensions when they are not image content files – in order to confuse investigators. Investigators have to be familiar with strategies for circumventing these pitfalls, such as maintaining an up-to-date forensic toolkit and remaining committed to maintaining data integrity. In the end, files are very highly relied upon by investigators and are a strong source forensic data. However, investigators must be experienced and have the appropriate tools to ensure the viability of collected data. Operating Systems Generally speaking, the data that can be collected from Operating Systems (OS) is more diverse and rich than file systems data, and has greater potential to uncover application-specific events or vital volatile data specific to a network operation (Sindhu, Tribathi Meshram, 2012). However, OS data mining can be more difficult and challenging, and often requires investigators to make quick decisions based on the type of data they are seeking. OS data mining is more case specific, in part because the retrieval of data is frequently connected to network configurations. Collecting volatile data can only occur from a live system that has not been shut down or rebooted (Marcella Menendez, 2008). Additional activity that occurs over an individual network session is very likely to compromise the OS data. For this reason, investigators have to be prepared and aware of what they are looking for. Time is of the essence in this case, and it is important to decide quickly whether or not the OS data should be preserved or if the system should be shut down. Keeping a system running during data extraction can also compromise data files. This also leaves data vulnerable to malware that has been installed by a user with bad intentions, determined to undermine the operations of investigators. The types of data that can be retrieved from the OS include network connections, network configurations, running processes, open files, and login sessions. In addition, the entire contents of the memory can be retrieved from the OS history, usually with little or no alteration of data when the footprint of retrieval activity is minimized. The order in which this data is collected typically runs in a standard succession, with network connections, login sessions, and memory collection sitting at the top of the list or priorities. These sources are more important because they tend to change over time. For example, network connections tend to time out and login sessions can change as users log in or out. Network configurations and the files that are open in a system are less time-sensitive and fall further down the list of priorities for investigators. The forensic toolkit must be diverse to ensure that data retrieval is achieved with minimal alteration (Bui, Enyeart Luong, 2003). In addition, the message digest of each tool should be documented, along with licensing and version information, and command logs. This careful documentation protects users from sudden loss of data or other disturbances during data retrieval. In addition, a number of accessibility issues can be implemented by users, including the placement of screen saver passwords, key remapping and log disabling features, all of which can disrupt the work by investigators, either providing unworkable obstacles or time-consuming hurdles that make complete transfer impossible. Ultimately, the use of OS as a data source is a case-by-case tool dependent on the availability of other sources and the specific needs and tools of investigators. Routers and Network Traffic Among network configuration data sources, router activity and network sourcing has the potential to provide the most specific amount of incriminating activity for forensic use. Forensic equipment should have time stamping capabilities activated to provide an accurate time signature of network interaction between an end-user and a router or switch (Schwartz, 2011). Importantly, firewalls and routers that are tied to a network often provide network address translation which can offer additional information by clarifying configuration or additional IP addresses on a network (Huston, 2004). There are a number of tools available to people seeking an analysis of network activity, including packet sniffers and intrusion detection systems (Marcella Menendez, 2008). These tools help investigators examine all packets for suspicious IP addresses and special events that have occurred across a network. This data is usually recorded and analyzed so that investigators can compare unusual events to evaluate network weaknesses and special interests of would-be attackers. This is of great interests to security agents determined to identify and stop potential network intrusions. A number of technical, procedural, legal and ethical issues exist when examining and analyzing network data. It is imperative that investigators be sure to avoid disconnected from a network or rebooting a system during data retrieval. They should also rely on live data and persistent information. Finally, it is important to avoid running configuration commands that could corrupt a network or its activity (Gast, 2010). Issues such as storage of large amounts of data over a highly trafficked network and proper placement of a decryption device along a network can impact how data is available and whether or not it maintains integrity. It is also important to consider the ethical and legal issues of data retrieval along a network when it involves sensitive data, such as financial records and personal information like passwords. In many cases, ethical issues can be circumvented with careful documentation and the publication of organizational policies and procedures that are strictly followed. However, these are all issues that must be considered in the analysis of network trafficking as a data source. Social Network Activity The sheer volume of social network activity – such as that on Facebook, Twitter, and Instragram – makes examining it as a data source great potential as a forensic tool. To this point, the little available research on social network data has failed to come up with a comprehensive framework or set of standards for investigators. Social network tools across mobile platforms invariably have geolocation services. However, the use of these as a data source has been questioned from ethical and legal perspectives (Humaid, Yousif, Said, 2011). The communication layer of social media applications on mobile devices can yield rich data, such as a browser cache and packet activity. Packet sniffing can expose unencrypted wifi use and third party intrusion across a social network. However, these tools are highly limited when they are restricted to social network activity. The best tools may be the ability to create a social footprint, which includes all friend activity, posted pictures and videos, communication habits, and periods of activity. For most people, this information is only available on social network websites and is not stored on a user’s hard drive. A certain climate of permissibility tends to apply to social network use, in which users are prone to making data available online that they would not otherwise expose. All of this strengthens the use of social networks as a data source. The greatest pitfall to social network activity is the malleability of the material. Users frequently change their habits, including the times of the day and the users with whom they connect. Cumulative social network data can be used to create a graph of all activity across a variety of factors, including time, space, usage, and devices (Mulazzani, Huber, Weippl). But this is a rapidly changing field. There is little doubt that the cloud computing data storage and continued growth of social networks will change this field quickly, which could quickly undermine past data that has been retrieved. Potential Usefulness in Specific Events The usefulness of a data source is strictly tied to the event it is intended to investigate. It is imperative that investigators are clear on their goals prior to selecting a source to retrieve and analyze data from. For example, a network intrusion would be best tackled with an examination of network traffic, followed by social network analysis, Operating Systems, and data file systems. Network analysis is less prone to attacking strategies that can compromise file and OS data. It can observe network traffic to find anomalous entities and their entry point within a network. It can also identify source and destination data by data recovery and access to routers r other network access points (Aquilina, Casey Malin, 2008). This is critical information for network intrusion investigations. Operating Systems enable access to volatile data, but this is limited by single-time use and data integrity issues. Most OS examinations look at network connections first, which is often another way of accessing the same data. File storage and social network analysis tend to offer peripheral views of the same material. Operating systems are the most helpful data source in malware installation investigation, followed by network traffic, data files, and social network activity. Examination of volatile data offers a range of data, including network connections and login sessions, which are primary tools for finding the source of malware installation (Aquilina, Casey Malin, 2008). Maintaining the integrity of data through quick retrieval and minimal footprints helps ensure its usefulness. At the same time, monitoring network traffic in a pro-active manner is often the surest way of pinpointing time signatures and matching them with network activity (Marcella Menendez, 2008). The best data sources for identifying insider file deletion are data files, network traffic, social network activity and OS. Each source offers benefits for this type of investigation, but data file collection and analysis yields bad clusters and slack space, both of which pinpoint the likelihood of deleted files. Recovery can begin from this point. Network activity and OS data retrieval can lead investigators to unusual login attempts and anomalous activity in order to pinpoint the location of deleted files along a network. At the same time, social network examination can help investigators understand reasons for deleted files and even learn more about the habits and lifestyle of a likely perpetrator. In the end, a collection of each of these sources provides a rich, revealing glimpse at deleted file activity. Conclusion Network traffic, data files, operating systems, and social network activity are four common data sources in digital forensic. Each provides a unique opportunity and set of risks for investigators, and the source should be chosen based on clear objectives and awareness of all circumstances. In many cases, the best choice is a combination of sources to provide multiple opportunities to arrive at the relevant evidence. Another factor is whether the data search is reactive or pro-active, with network traffic often providing the best source of evidence in a pro-active, forward-thinking environment. The variable of time must also be considered, specifically with respect to how investigators approach volatile data. Each of these issues must be considered when evaluating data sources. References Aquilina, J. , Casey, E. Malin, C. (2008). Malware forensics: Investigating and Analyzing Malicious Code. Burlington, MA: Syngress Publishing. Bui, S. , Enyeart, M. Luong, J. (2003, May). Issues in Computer Forensics. Retrieved ttp://www. cse. scu. edu/~jholliday/COEN150sp03/projects/Forensic%20Investiga tion. pdf Garfinkel, S. (2010). Digital forensics research: The next 10 years. Digital Investigation, 7. 64-73. Gast, T. (2010). Forensic data handling. The Business Forum. Retrieved from http://www. bizforum. org/whitepapers/cybertrust-1. htm Humaid, H. , Yousif, A. Said, H. (2011, December). Smart phones fo rensics and social networks. IEEE Multidisciplinary Engineering Education Magazine, 6(4). 7-14. Huston, G. (2004, September). Anatomy: A look inside network address translators. The Internet Protocol Journal, 7(3). Retrieved from http://www. cisco. com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_7- 3/anatomy. html Marcella, A. Menendez, D. (2008). Cyber Forensics: A Field Manual for Collecting, Examining, and Preserving Data. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Mulazzani, M. , Huber, M. Weippl, E. (n. d. ). Social network forensics: Tapping the data pool of social networks. SBA-Research. Retrieved from http://www. sba- research. org/wp-content/uploads/publications/socialForensics_preprint. pdf Purita, R. (2006). Computer Forensics: A valuable audit tool. Internal Auditor. Retrieved from http://www. theiia. rg/intAuditor/itaudit/archives/2006/september/computer- forensics-a-valuable-audit-tool-1/ Schwartz, M. (2011, December). How digital forensics detects insider theft. InformationWeek Security. Retrieved from http://www. informationweek. com/security/management/how-digital-forensics- detects-insider-t/232300409 Sindhu, K. Meshram, B. (2012). A digital forensic tool for cyber crime data min ing. Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2(1). 117-123. Sindhu, K. , Tripathi, S. Meshram, B. (2012). Digital forensic investigation on file system and database tampering. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2(2). 214-221. How to cite Business Continuity Plan, Papers

The Odyssey Essay Summary Example For Students

The Odyssey Essay Summary In book twelve of The Odyssey, the main character, Odysseus, is confronted with three obstacles that he and his crew must conquer in order to get home to Ithaca. The first of the three obstacles that Odysseus and his crew must face are the sirens and their enchanting melody. This obstacle is the easiest one for the war heroes to conquer, all they have to do is plug their ears and sail past the siren’s island. Odysseus adds a twist by having himself tied to the mast of his ship where he can here the song, but cannot be drawn to his death. After the sirens Odysseus and his men only have to face one of the two following obstacles: the monster Scylla, or the natural phenomenon Kharybdis. Before Odysseus and his men made their journey through these obstacles Odysseus was forewarned of the dangers ahead. Instead of informing his men of their possible death, he kept his knowledge to himself. In the moral standards that people use in the late twentieth century, Odysseus’ decisi on not to tell his crew about the dangers that lay ahead of them was unethical. However, in the standards of Greece in Odysseus’ time period it more than likely was a moral action. Knowing both of these facts, how should we, as readers, interpret Odysseus’ decision? Odysseus made his decision because he believed that his crew would not go through the cliffs that house Scylla and Kharybdis. Odysseus was probably correct in his judgment of his men’s willingness to face death. As the commander he has the right to make decisions of this caliber. The idea of a commander having the ability to decide whether or not the crew lives is another moral issue. Personally, I’m not sure what the rules regarding this are in the United States’ armed forces today. Besides what our armed forces think, I don’t think that the idea of a commander having the kind of authority to decide whom dies and who lives is moral. Besides the idea that Odysseus, as a commander , has the authority to decide the fate of his crew, there is the issue of the reasons behind his decision. I believe that he based his decision to put his crew’s lives at risk on his own need to get home to Ithaca. Therefore, according to Odysseus’ logic, he wants to go home much more than his men because he thought that his crew would abandon the ship if he told them of their fate. Whereas he is willing to face the dangers of the obstacles ahead in order to get home. To me this is a selfish decision on the part of Odysseus, to sacrifice his crew, or some of it, so that he can get home. We will write a custom essay on The Odyssey Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In conclusion, Odysseus made a decision not to tell his crew about the dangers that lay ahead of them based on several things. He thought that they would refuse to face death because they didn’t think that getting home was worth the risk. He had the right to do this because he was their commander. Still, no matter which moral system you look through, past or present, Odysseus did not tell his crew about the dangers they would face due to personal reasons. He didn’t tell his crew that six, maybe even more of them, would die all because he wanted to go home to Ithaca. Bibliography:

Pepsi Co Strategic Management Essays

Pepsi Co Strategic Management Essays Pepsi Co Strategic Management Paper Pepsi Co Strategic Management Paper Background ?Established in 1965 PepsiCo created in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay ? In 1997, publicly traded company to focus PepsiCo on food and beverages. ?The world’s largest snack and beverage company in 2006 In 2006, PepsiCo has approximately $35billion net revenue ?The company is broken into four business divisions: ?Frito-lay North America Frito-Lay North America manufactures, markets, sells and distributes salty and sweet snacks. Products manufactured and sold in North America include Lay’s and Ruffles brand potato chips, Doritos and Tostitos brand tortilla chips, Cheetos brand cheese-flavored snacks, Fritos brand corn chips, a variety of branded dips and salsas and Rold Gold brand pretzels. Low-fat and no-fat versions of several brands are also manufactured and sold in North America. ?PepsiCo Beverages North America Pepsi-Cola North America manufactures concentrates of brand Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Mug, Slice, Fruitworks, Sierra Mist and other brands for sale to franchised bottlers. PCNA also sells syrups to national fountain accounts. PCNA markets and promotes its brands. PCNA also manufactures, markets and distributes ready-to-drink tea and coffee products through joint ventures with Lipton and Starbucks and licenses the processing, distribution and sale of Aquafina bottled water. In addition, PCNA manufactures and sells Dole juice drinks for distribution and sale by Pepsi-Cola bottlers. ?PepsiCo International Pepsi-Cola International manufactures concentrates of brand Pepsi, 7UP, Mirinda, KAS, Mountain Dew and other brands internationally for sale to franchised bottlers and company-owned bottlers. PCI operates bottling plants and distribution facilities in various international markets for the production, distribution and sale of company-owned and licensed brands. PCI markets and promotes its brands internationally. Principal international markets include Mexico, China, Saudi Arabia, India, Argentina, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Philippines and Brazil. ?Quaker Foods North America Frito-Lay International manufactures, markets, sells and distributes salty and sweet snacks. Products include Walkers brand snack foods in the United Kingdom, Smith’s brand snack foods in Australia, Sabritas brand snack foods and Alegro and Gamesa brand sweet snacks in Mexico. Many of our U. S. brands have been introduced internationally such as Lay’s and Ruffles brand potato chips, Doritos and Tostitos brand tortilla chips, Fritos brand corn chips and Cheetos brand cheese-flavored snacks. Principal international snack markets include Mexico, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Spain, the Netherlands, Australia and South Africa. International Channel Value Chain PepsiCo’s management team was decided to capturing strategic fit benefits within the business line-up throughout the value chain. Primary activities : Supply Chain management oCombined corporate-wide procurement of product ingredients upon the acquisition of Quacker Oats Producing / Manufacturing oShare marketed research information to better enable each division to develop new products likely to be hits with consumers, consolidated its purchasing to reduce costs, and manufactured similar products in common facilities whenever possible. oMaximize unutilized resources Packaging oCombined corporate-wide procurement of packaging materials upon the acquisition of Quacker Oats Distribution and retailing oJoin distribution of Quacker snacks and Frito-Lay to reduce their distribution expenses oPower of One retailer alliance strategy to increase consumers tendency to purchase more than one product offered by PepsiCo during a store visit. Sales and marketing oConsolidated sales and mar keting functions of similar products to eliminate duplication of effort and to present one face to customers. Support Activities : Human resource management PepsiCo respects individual differences in culture, ethnicity and color. PepsiCo is committed to equal opportunity for all employees and applicants. oCorporate program for training employees how to work and manage in an inclusive environment Advertising oPepsi already had experiences in advertising their products internationally. If the other line business of PepsiCo wants to do advertising in some countries, they could learn and implement the advertising technique that already implemented by Pepsi and they also already have necessary information about the country. Diversification Strategy Financial Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Broader but focused product line and outstanding brand reputation Key strategies: products innovation, close relationships with distribute allies, international expansion, strategic acquisitions Market leader for U. S. convenience food (21%) and liquid refreshments (26%) Capturing strategic fit benefits within the business lineup throughout the value chain Lack of capital constraints (High availability of FCF, projected as $15 billion between 2007-2009) Weaknesses Slow move into international bottled water market Unequally distributed international sales of Quaker Oats Products (75% of international sales was accounted for by just six countries) A large dependency on one business division in generating profits (Over 50 percent of the companys profits come from Frito-Lay North America) Opportunities Promising international foods and beverages markets o$70 billion market for noncarbonated beverages in international mar ket oHigh per capita consumption of snacks The increase of health conscious consumers Threats FTC’s 10-year prohibition on bundled beverages (Gatorade and PepsiCo soft drink products) contracts with retailers The maturity of Food and Beverages industry Conclusion ?Increase the use of exclusivity agreements to boost their sales in key markets. This may make it harder to keep costs low but will ensure added revenues. ?Continue to expand with their â€Å"Human Sustainability†. PepsiCo should become more proactive in the health food/product marketplace rather than being reactive to the market trends. They need to improve their responsiveness and future projections to market trends and changes that can therefore allude to different product segments and target markets. The healthy eating market is a demographic that will continue to grow in the future, and will provide generous profits if Pepsi Co is able to obtain a large market share. ?Expand more into social benefits, especially for those in developing nations. Pepsi’s main competitor Coca Cola has implemented a water purification program for African Villages, which provides a valuable need and at the same time introducing their brand name where it was before unknown. If Pepsi followed this same ideology with food products and water purification it too would significantly increase brand recognition ? Capture more of the aging population’s market share. Pepsi is a company focused on a younger market hoping to repeat the worldwide success of Coca Cola in regards to brand loyalty with the generations born after 1980; however, there is still a large market with the Baby boomer demographic that they could break into. PepsiCo should expand into markets and market segments that they are currently not in, such as Asia, India, and South America, It will expand their market share at the global level and to increase their overall revenue. ?PepsiCo should improve their employee relations. It will create employees all over the world to promote the product both during their work day and in their personal life in order to create â€Å"word of mouth marketing†.

Benefits of Participating in High School Debate

Benefits of Participating in High School Debate In schools across the world, debate teams are valued for training students in public speaking, grace under pressure, and critical thinking. Student debaters have several advantages, whether they choose to join debate teams on campus or if they debate as members of a political club. Debating provides practice in developing sound and logical arguments.Debate gives students an opportunity to practice speaking in front of an audience and thinking on their feet.Students participating in debate show initiative and leadership.The research debaters perform expands their minds and increases their understanding of multiple sides of important issues.Students hone their research skills in preparing for debates. What Is a Debate? Essentially, a debate is an argument with rules. Debating rules vary from one competition to another, and there are several possible debate formats. Debates can involve single-member teams or teams that include several students. In a standard debate, two teams are presented  with a resolution or topic, and each team has a set period of time to prepare an argument. Students typically dont know their debate subjects ahead of time. However, participants are encouraged to read about current events and controversial issues to prepare for debates. This can give teams special strengths in certain topic areas. The goal is to come up with a good argument in a short amount of time. At a debate, one team argues in favor (pro) and the other argues in opposition (con). In some debate formats, each team member speaks, and in others, the team selects one member to speak for the entire team. A judge or a panel of judges assigns points based on the strength of the arguments and the professionalism of the teams. One team is usually declared the winner, and that team advances to a new round. A school team can compete in local, regional, and national tournaments. A typical debate format includes: Teams are advised of the topic and take positions (pro and con).Teams discuss their topics and come up with statements expressing their position.Teams deliver their statements and offer the main points.Teams discuss the oppositions argument and come up with rebuttals.Teams deliver their rebuttals.Teams make their closing statements. Each of these sessions is timed. For instance, teams may have only three minutes to come up with their rebuttal. Interested students without a team at their school can look into starting a debate team or club. Many colleges also offer summer programs that teach debating skills. Lessons Learned Through Debate Knowing how to synthesize information and deliver it to an audience succinctly- even an audience of one- is a skill that benefits people throughout their lives. Debate skills can come in handy when interviewing for jobs, networking for career advancement, conducting meetings, and giving presentations. These soft skills can help in most careers because debate students learn the art of persuasion. Outside of the working world, having good communication skills is useful in activities as ordinary as meeting new people or as special as making a wedding toast in front of a crowd, as debate helps people learn composure and confidence when speaking with others.

Red bull Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Red bull - Assignment Example The energy drink was inspired by a popular Thai drink named Krafting Daeng that was suggested for jet lag remedy. The owner of Krafting Daeng was requested to manufacture and market a new energy drink with completely new flavor. The main objective of Red Bull was to sell energy drink with a unique taste that appealed to the people living in the western countries. It sold more than one million cans in its first year and decided to expand into UK, USA, Hungary and Germany during the tenure 1992 to 1997. The company’s slogan â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings† defined the drink appropriately. However, there has been certain health risks associated with the drinks. The reason was that the ingredients of the drink contained high levels of caffeine which led to the cardiovascular diseases. However, the popularity of the company had soared and it began to promote a series of flagship events in the sports world. Situation Analysis Market Analysis of Energy Drinks Presently, the ene rgy and sports drink market is increasing steadily and has been gaining popularity among the teenagers and young adults. The sports and energy drink market saw a major increase in the sales growth of 13 percent in the year 2011 compared to an industry growth of 11 percent in the year 2010 (EuroMonitor International, 2012). There has been a rapid increase in the demand of branded and local energy drinks. In the UK Lucozade, GlaxoSmithKline was a leader in the sports and nutritional drink market and accounted for a 40 percent market share (EuroMonitor International, 2012). The sales of Lucozade were ?498 million in the year 2011 (EuroMonitor International, 2012). It is estimated that the sports and energy drink market would further grow at 5 percent in the UK (EuroMonitor International, 2012).It has been observed that in spite of the economic slowdown the beverage market has been growing steadily. Among the beverages there has been a tremendous increase in the sales of soft drinks and energy drinks especially in United Kingdom. In the year 2011 there was an increase of sales of carbonated drinks by 24 percent from 2010. In spite of health risks associated with these beverages and increase in the demand and sales of the energy drinks have been commendable especially among the youth and teenagers. The industry is dominated by established and popular companies like Coca Cola, Pepsi Co ltd, Red Bull etc (Polis, 2013). Penetration of the established companies into energy and nutritional drink segment has helped the companies in diversification of risk amidst this economic slowdown (Key Note, 2012). Figure 1: Market Share of Energy Drink Brands Source: (Energy Fiend, 2013) 5C of Red Bull The 5C analysis will helps us in understanding the macro, micro environmental and internal factors that affects the beverage market. It is one of the most instrumental tools used for identifying the important issues that require immediate attention and is also regarded as a checklist for managerial decision making. Customer: The drink is available at 8 oz, 12 oz, 16 oz and 20 oz can sizes and

Credibility of International Human Rights Organizations Term Paper

Credibility of International Human Rights Organizations - Term Paper Example The organizations play their roles through mobilizing people and confronting any institution or individuals who are acting in an injustice or inhuman manner, thus jeopardizing the dignity of humanity. The International Human Rights Organizations monitors basic human right issues all over the world and promote their views on such issues (Barsh, 113). They undertake their responsibilities through lobbying and advocacy, trying to convince the United Nations as well as other national governments to adopt their established policies on human rights and freedoms (Emilie and Kiyoteru, 407). Such International Human Rights Organizations have observers in many regions of the world where they monitor and give their views on the violation and abuse of human rights in those regions. To protect and promote human rights the world over, such organizations collaborates with other regional and locally based organizations, as well as human rights defenders, to mobilize, lobby and advocate for non-viola tion of basic human rights by governments and other institutions (James and Peter, 276). However, the idea of human rights protection have been overemphasized in the last two decades, with human rights organization taking the center stage in running the affairs of the people. More than ever in the world, human rights organizations have been integrated in each aspect of a countries affair, having the media focus on them and huge budget allocations channeled towards them (Emilie and Ron, 375). The support for human rights organization has been immense from the public, since they perceive such organizations as their protector against the violations of their basic freedoms and rights by the government. Therefore, human rights organizations have become an effective platform through which people advocate for their rights and seek redress whenever their freedoms and rights are violated. Thus, the reputation of International Human Rights Organizations has grown bigger than of many other lea ding corporations (Emilie and Kiyoteru, 407). Though in the 1970s such organizations were excluded in the main global policy circles, these has changed with any policy involving finance, security and power incorporating these organizations at the center stage of such issues. Thus, human rights have been integrated in the global culture, where every aspect of human interaction has to be aligned based on the policies and views promoting human rights and freedoms. Social change in the developing world is greatly imparted by the International Human Rights Organizations, as any aspect of social change in such countries has to be monitored and assessed based on how it suits the established policies by these organizations. For such organizations, two basic issues are fundamental for their success in actively playing their roles. The first of this fundamental task is to persuade the political, social, and economic elites that human rights are universal and desirable for all, and thus they s hould be promoted at whatever cost (Emilie and Ron, 375). This can be achieved through having politicians and other social elites prioritize human right issues in their meetings and forums. Journalists and bureaucrats have an enormous role to play in promoting these issues through articulating them in media. The second tasks are translating the human rights language and policies into a reality and have such

Anticancer Efficacy of Curcumin Analysis

Anticancer Efficacy of Curcumin Analysis Nuclear factor-ÃŽ ºB (NF-ÃŽ ºB) is a transcription factor that is essential in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.1 It influences a diverse target of gene expressions that regulate apoptosis, facilitate cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.1,2 Before cell stimulation, NF-ÃŽ ºB dimers that are located in the cytoplasm are inactive.3 Prior to activation, NF-ÃŽ ºB dimers consisting of RelA, c-REL, and p50 are held in the cytoplasm by inhibitory ÃŽ ºB (IÃŽ ºB) proteins.3,8 The IÃŽ ºB kinase (IKK) complex is activated by various extracellular signals such as proinflammatory cytokines and viral infections.3,4 This IKK complex phosphorylates two conserved serine residues and targets NF-ÃŽ ºB-bound IÃŽ ºBs, which results in ubiquitin-mediated dissociation of IÃŽ ºB from NF-ÃŽ ºB, thus leading to translocation of activated NF-ÃŽ ºB into the nucleus.2,7 The activation of NF-ÃŽ ºB promotes tumor invasion, metastasis, and allows malignant cells to escape apoptosis. Consequently, many chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to activate NF-ÃŽ ºB, thus contributing to chemoresistance and chemotherapy failure.3 Increasing evidence suggests that, the inhibition of NF-ÃŽ ºB activation can reduce chemoresistance and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents.3 Among the compounds that have been reported, curcumin was found to inhibit the activation of NF-ÃŽ ºB and thus, induce apoptosis in tumor cells.6 Unfortunately, its clinical applications remains limited due to its poor bioavailability and low potency6, these prompted researchers to chemically modify curcumin in order to increase its potency against NF-ÃŽ ºB and cancerous cells.8 In this issue, Qui et al.8 reports progress in the synthesis and identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Different kinds of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues were synthesized by coupling 1, 3-diketones curcumin analogues with various aromatic aldehydes in toluene with acetic acid, using piperidine as a catalyst (figure 1). The chemotherapeutic activities of the synthesized compounds were tested on the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with curcumin used as control. The authors reported that majority of the 4-arylidene curcumin analogues exhibited potent anticancer activities against A549 growth with GI50 in the range of 0.23 – 0.93 ÃŽ ¼M, while very poor antiproliferation activities of curcumin was observed at 15.23 ÃŽ ¼M. This shows a 10- to 60-fold increase in the potency of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues over the parent compound, curcumin. Remarkably, the cytotoxic activities of these newly designed curcumin analogues were not limited to A549 cells. The growth of other carcinoma cells H1944, squamous cells H157, and large carcinoma cells H460, were effectively inhibited by selected 4-acrylidene curcumin analogues, with GI50 values at micromolar concentrations low to 0.07 ÃŽ ¼M. Likewise, in a related study, Zambre et al.9 reported that copper(II) conjugates of Knoevenagel condensates o f curcumin analogue showed inhibitory activities against human leukemic KBM-5 cells. Taken together, these two forms of curcumin analogues offer new possibilities at both ends as potential anticancer agents. One of the key curcumin targets that is important for the survival of cancer is IÃŽ ºB kinase (IKK), which regulates NF-ÃŽ ºB activation.6 Activated NF-ÃŽ ºB is situated in the nucleus to promote transcription that is triggered by tumor-necrosis factor (TNFÃŽ ±).1,5 Thus, Qiu et al.8 used nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB in response to TNFÃŽ ± as the main indicator to examine the mode of action of curcumin in comparison to 4-arylidene curcumin analogue. A549 cells were treated in a 384-well plate format with curcumin and its new analogue respectively, before the addition of TNFÃŽ ± to trigger nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB p65 subunit. As a result, curcumin inhibited TNFÃŽ ±-induced nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB with a mean IC50 of 9.5 ÃŽ ¼M, which is consistent with the work of Kasinski et al.4 Interestingly, most of the synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogue showed improved inhibitory activities against NF-ÃŽ ºB translocation with mean IC50 values in the range of 1.0 â⠂¬â€œ 4.9 ÃŽ ¼ÃŽÅ". This finding proved the superiority of the newly designed curcumin analogue over curcumin in blocking nuclear translocation of NF-ÃŽ ºB. Consequently, in a related paper, Zambre et al.9 developed novel curcumin analogues that were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation to convert enolic diketones of curcumin into non-enolizable ones. The synthesized compounds were examined for their potential in blocking TNFÃŽ ±-induced NF-ÃŽ ºB activation. It was reported that copper(II) conjugates of Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin showed greater potentials in blocking TNFÃŽ ±-induced NF-ÃŽ ºB activation than curcumin, confirming the potency superiority of curcumin analogues over the parental curcumin. NF-ÃŽ ºB is principally activated by IKKÃŽ ² in its well organized signaling pathways.2,7 As a result, Qiu et al.8 choose three potent newly synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogues A, B and C to directly investigate their effect on IKK enzymatic activity, with curcumin used as control. Report was given that upon stimulation of A549 cells with TNFÃŽ ±, TNFÃŽ ± induced considerable IÃŽ ºB phosphorylation followed by degradation of the phosphorylated IÃŽ ºB. However, following the treatment of the cells with curcumin and its newly designed analogue, respectively, curcumin inhibited IÃŽ ºB phosphorylation and degradation at high concentrations, while the selected potent newly synthesized curcumin analogues significantly inhibited IÃŽ ºB phosphorylation and degradation at a lower concentration with IC50 values in micromolar range of 2.2 5.0 ÃŽ ¼ÃŽÅ". Again, this showed that the 4-arylidene curcumin analogues exhibited greater inhibitory activities against IÃŽ ºB than curcumin. In anot her study, Kasinski et al.4 proposed that the inhibitory activities of curcumin and its analogues may be a result of direct inhibition of IKKÃŽ ² kinase. To examine this model, the authors performed a reconstituted IKK inhibition assay with recombinant IKKÃŽ ², report showed that the addition of curcumin in various tested concentrations had no significant effect in inhibiting IKKÃŽ ².4 However, in this issue8, the selected newly synthesized curcumin analogues induced a dose dependent inhibition of IKKÃŽ ². Thus, the structural modification of these curcumin analogues results to improved inhibitory activities over curcumin in the in vitro IKK kinase assay. Furthermore, they compared the anticancer efficacy of curcumin and its newly designed analogues. The authors reported that the synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogues inhibited colony formation of lung cancer cells at low concentrations in the micromolar range of less than 0.2 0.4 ÃŽ ¼M.8 However, curcumin also inhibited colony formation of cancer cells at higher concentration (4 ÃŽ ¼M). Again, this finding showed the superiority in potency of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues over the parent compound as an anticancer agent. Thus, the chemical modification of the parental curcumin has led to identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as potential anticancer agents targeting NF-ÃŽ ºB signaling pathway. REFERENCES 1 Baud V, Karin M. (2009) Is NF-kB a good target for cancer therapy? Hopes and pitfalls. Nature reviews drug discovery. 8, 33-40 2 Bonizzi G, Karin M. (2004) The two NF-ÃŽ ºB activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Trends in immunology. 25(6), 280 – 288 3 Karin M. (2006) Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature. 441, 431 – 436 4 Kasinski A, Du Y, Thomas S, Zhao J, Sun S, Khuri F, Wang C, Shoji M, Sun A, Snyder J, Liotta D, Fu H. (2008) Inhibition of IÃŽ ºB kinase-nuclear factor-ÃŽ ºB signaling pathway by 3,5-bis(2-flurobenzylidene)piperidine-4-one (EF24), a novel monoketone analog of curcumin. Molecular Pharmacology. 74(3), 654-661 5 Lee C, Jeon Y, Kim S, Song Y. (2007) NF-kappaB as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Biofactors. 29 (1), 19 -35 6 Leu T, Maa M. (2002) The molecular mechanisms for the antitumorigenic effect of curcumin. Current medical chemistry. 2(3), 357 – 370 7 Perkins N. (2007) Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-ÃŽ ºB and IKK function. Nature reviews molecular cell biology. 8, 49 62. 8 Qiu X, Du Y, Lou B, Zuo Y, Shao W, Huo Y, Huang J, Yu Y, Zhou B, Du J, Fu H, Bu X. (2010) Synthesis and identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as potential anticancer agents targeting nuclear factor-ÃŽ ºB signaling pathway. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 53, 8260 – 8273 9 Zambre A, Kulkarni V, Padhye S, Sandur S, Aggarwal B. (2006) Novel curcumin analogs targeting TNF-induced NF-kB activation and proliferation in human leukemic KBM-5 cells. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. 14, 7196 – 7204

Early Mesopotamian Culture Contributed to the Foundation of Western civilization Essay

I t would be very difficult to argue against the importance of early Mesopotamian culture. The title Mesopotamia refers to the land which lies between two rivers – the Tigres on the east and the Euphrates on the west. The latter is referred to in the Bible in Genesis 2 v14 as flowing out of the Garden of Eden, so it seems that the Biblical writers seem to have felt that this area was where humanity began. The ruins of a city, Ur of the Chaldeans, can still be seen at Tell Mugheir which lies 140 miles south of ancient Babylon and 150 miles to the northwest of the Persian Gulf in modern Iraq. The main part of the ruins cover some 150 acres and were uncovered over many years, beginning with the major excavations of J. E. Taylor in 1854. Chaldean civilzation The Chaldeans were a Semitic people, i. e they spoke one of the Semitic languages and were Caucasians and by tradition they were from descended from Shem, son of Noah. Their civilization was mainly on the banks of the Euphrates, where the land was more fertile and capable of producing rich crops. Animals such as sheep and goats were also domesticated. The Chaldean cities had many of the attributes that we recognize in modern cities at a period when most people of the world were still hunter gatherers. Eridu, which is a few miles to the SSW of Ur, was another religious center, with a mud brick stepped temple to the Chaldean god of the sea and of wisdom. Archeologists have even found the remains of burnt fish left as offerings. It too was rediscovered in the19th century. It seems that the temples were originally built on platforms at ground level, but gradually higher and higher levels were built on the earlier foundations. According to records Eridu was at one time actually on the coast and silt deposits seem to date it somewhere in the 7th millennium B. C. E. , although the earliest settlers in the area arrived about 9,000 B. C. E. according to The History Guide, Lecture 2. The cities seem to have been a response by early settlers in order to organise such things as irrigation, trade and the needs of a larger population. Because of the need to record trading clay tokens came into use, different shapes representing different commodities. As is often the case the city grew up on the banks of the river, it being their source of water and of organised trade. They used dams and weirs to control the water supply, just as a modern people might do. Wooden ploughs were used to break up the soil before planting crops such as barley, turnips and onions. They also grew both apples and grapes and may well have been the first people to discover the means of making both beer and wine, probably by accident at first. J. E. Taylor uncovered a stepped temple mound or ziggurat which climbed in three levels to a height of 70 feet and was known as the Mountain of Heaven. 70 feet may not sound impressive to us, but this would have been the only large building in the plain and visible for miles around. Buried at the four corners of the ziggurat were cuneiform tablets telling of the name of the city and its founder and who had carried out repairs to the temple over the years. So we see that this was a city that was organised enough for its citizens to work together over a prolonged period on this huge construction project. In the temple area were found records revealing that the people paid tithes and that the temple also benefited from trade with other people. Leonard Woolley’s excavation of 1924, as recorded in the Thompson Chain Bible archeological supplement, page 364, revealed some 4 square miles of the city outside this sacred area. Woolley uncovered some 1800 graves including 16 that he designated as ‘Royal’. The cemeteries revealed huge tombs where many retainers had died in order to accompany their king or queen to the after life. So these people were capable of abstract thought and spiritual depth. The people thought that their kings were descended from the gods that they worshipped. Sometimes kings called ‘Shepherds’ because of their responsibilities to care for the needs of the people. These were large rooms as big as10 metres long with walls of both stone and mud brick. There were quays for shipping, commercial buildings, houses of two stories with fire places and sanitary systems. Houses, temples and palaces were decorated with pictures, often depicting victories. There were chapels for worship and a school building where tablets revealed that reading, writing, including grammar, basic mathematics and history were taught. This was almost certainly only for the sons of the elite. Most boys would have learned a trade from their fathers, while girls helped with what were considered more womanly tasks such as grinding corn and weaving. Flax was grown to make linen, quite a complicated process. Men wore skirts, but women wore clothes that covered them from shoulders to ankles. Women wore their hair long, usually braided and most men were clean shaven, even in this time before metal blades. It was a patriarchal society, but amazingly women had rights that they have only in comparatively recent years attained again in many societies – i. e. the right to end an unsatisfactory marriage and the right to own property in their own right. This city used writing to keep records – from such beginnings would later emerge literature of all kinds, poetry, stories, plays, even modern advertising, all of which began when someone discovered that they could make permanent marks that could be later read by themselves and others. They had mathematics – in their case only arithmetic, but this is where all branches of mathematics begin. They were able to trade with other people, both to get rid of surplus goods in a profitable way, and also to obtain what they could not produce themselves e. g. the lapis lazuli found in the royal tombs which may well have come all the way from Afghanistan, although there are small deposits elsewhere in the world. They wrote music and songs. Some songs were written for religious reasons, but many were written to describe important events in the community.. Songs were used by people at every level of society to amuse , but also to educate and were sung to children who passed them on to their children. In this way, just as we teach children nursery rhymes today or sing patriotic songs , songs and ideas were passed on through many generations and were finally recorded in wriitng. These songs provided a means of passing on through the years important information about historical events. Even today they reveal much about this civilization to modern scholars. Later in their history the people of this area founded the Babylonian empire which stretched from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf. They would become great astronomers, able to study the planets and stars with great accuracy. Mesopotamia cities served as capitals of the Assyrian, Mitanni, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Parthian, Sassanid and Abbasid empires. Naturally such a large and complicatedcivilization had to have laws in order to control conduct. It was a Mesopotanian king Hammurabi, in about 1780 BC, who set out what is one of the earliest known sets of laws. He made over 200 laws for Mesopotamia, now know as the Code of Hammurabi. In Genesis 11 we have the description of Abram taking Sarai for his wife, so they understood concepts of family and commitment. According to Dr Gerard Falk Abram was a Hebrew, the name meaning one who crossed over, i. e. one who forded the river in order to look for the land to which he believed God had sent him. Abram, later Abraham, is of course acknowledged as the forefather of both Judaism, and so Christianity and Islam. So these civilizations and their religions, with the idea of monotheism and family and moral values also were born in Mesopotamia. Later in the history of the area the various city states would come to blows over such things as water supplies and rights to land. These were argued over for many years, just as such things occur today, before eventually erupting into war in about 3200BC. Conclusion So we see that many things that we consider to be ‘civilized’ and which are of importance in modern western civilization such as organised city life, trade with other lands, the beginnings of literature and science, agriculture, social interaction, property rights and marriage as well as abstract concepts such as an afterlife and spirituality were present long ago. Alongside these were things we might not be so approving of, yet which are present in modern western societies, such as disputes with neighbouring states, divorce and even war. The Chaldeans kept records, had a legal system, educated their young people both academically and practically and were able to work together to reach common goals. These are all things that we, as modern people still do and still value even after 9,000 years. Bibliography Thompson Chain Bible, King James Version, 1964, London Eyre and Spottiswood. Electronic sources Ancient Mesopotamia found at http://www. shrewsbury-ma. gov/schools/Central/Curriculum/ELEMENTARY/SOCIALSTUDIES/Mesopotamia/ancient_mesopotamia. htm#clothing and retrieved on 15th November 2007 ERIDU found at http://www. experiencefestival. com/a/Eridu/id/105202 retrieved 15th November 2007 FALK, G. Chaldea found at http://www. jbuff. com/c041603. htm retrieved 15th November 2007 LAPIS LAZULI found a t http://www. gemstone. org/gem-by-gem/english/lapis. html retrieved 15th November 2007 Mesoptamia, The British Museum found at http://www. mesopotamia. co. uk/menu. html and retrieved 15th November 2007 SEMITIC definition found at http://www. webster-dictionary. net/definition/Semitic retrieved 15th November 2007 THE HISTORY GUIDE, LECTURE 2 found at http://www. historyguide. org/ancient/lecture2b. html retrieved 15th November 2007

Who Else Wants to Learn About The Things They Carried Essay Topics?

Who Else Wants to Learn About The Things They Carried Essay Topics? The Battle Over the Things They Carried Essay Topics and How to Win It It is very important to take into consideration the simple fact your essay must necessarily contain the thorough gist of your thesis. A thesis needs to be clear and understandable. The essay needs to be logical. Any important essay should start out with a thesis. The Things They Carried theme essay is basically a work that has to be read by every individual. It is crucial to not forget that The Things They Carried Literary Analysis Essay requires adhering to a particular format. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Like many other renowned parts of literature, you could always pick a book for the subject of your essay. Furthermore, several pauses are encountered throughout the story, since the author attempts to explain some examples that the reader might not have otherwise understood. Another part of a thesis statement is the fact that it is most commonly a single sentence. You are going to receive unique texts, which will be finished in time. However competent and confident you're in your work. If a student wants not only to have a great mark but also to make sure conclusions for oneself, then it's important to take time to read the original work. There'll stay a couple of opinions that every man or woman will argue with their own ideas and observations. The Argument About the Things They Carried Essay Topics On the flip side, once the reader is blind to the truth, it's still feasible to analyz e his work and come to a diffident conclusion about what is happening truth and what's story truth. There's no rectitude whatsoever. Bowker feels like he does not have any one to speak to, and imagines telling his father which he was a coward. Home inspiration is a sort of private reassurance. The story Love isn't, as it would appear, about mutual love, but instead unrequited love. O'Brien reiterates that the actual truth does not need to be the very same as the story truth, and that it's the emotions evoked by the story that matter. Therefore, the logical fact is still true because it happens in his head. The the Things They Carried Essay Topics Stories Job like you don't require money. The very first area of the sentence is going to be a dependent clause, and the second part is going to be the independent clause. Determination, the urge to finish a goal, is certainly the trick for you to receive things carried out and obtaining success. Every new day is a larger challenge. Fiction is like experience. Here are some intriguing topics that you may choose to write on from the book. Throughout the collection, the exact same characters reappear in many stories. Must have a title apart from the book title. the Th ings They Carried Essay Topics The soldiers' fixation on things plays an important role in establishing their feelings of alienation and disconnection from various other people and in creating a rest from reality that the soldiers experience. One of several causes why a lot of folks achieve achievement and plenty of others avoid is existence of self-motivation. The death saddens everybody in the camp. It's about learning how to detach oneself from death. War is the principal topic of the story. O'Brien spends six days at the Lodge, attempting to choose whether to flee. O'Brien confesses he has told the story in many ways, it means somehow the story was fictionalized. For example, O'Brien (129) describes the form of the dead man's eye over five times in the last chapters. The the Things They Carried Essay Topics Trap You will shortly locate the official data about us. By means of this paper we're likely to talk about the result of time management and how it is able to ass ist you in your everyday activities. Another benefit of our website is the quickness. Explore the structure of the job. The Importance of the Things They Carried Essay Topics It's really hard to attain a large quantity of inspiration when you figure out the couple of critical regions to target on. In any case, you might read the testimonials of our clients. Describe the method by which the selection of items relates to every character. There are a lot of reasons why you ought to prefer our services.